Ghost Story of Vietnam Veteran Haunting Lakewood, Ohio Essay -- Urban

Vietnam Veteran Haunting Lakewood, Ohio Perhaps some of the best stories told are classified as urban legends. Urban legends have become a part of culture, and a way to tell stories. They can tell us things about ourselves and about how we lead our lives. They serve to entertain us, but can also teach us lessons, such as morals to live by. Urban legends are passed on between generations, and become a part of the oral history of a place. Whether the stories are true or not, urban legends are often taken to hold at least some truth about a culture. No matter how radical some of the stories may be, people often take the urban legends to be true. People may take these stories to be true simply for entertainment purposes, but mostly because the morals the stories teach are important. Urban legends can become a part of the place where they originate, and can help define a culture, and shape its history. There a number of urban legends from where I live in Cleveland, Ohio, but one struck me more than others. The man who told me the story had attended the same high school as I, St. Edward High School, an all-boy high school, in Lakewood, Ohio. Lakewood, Ohio is a suburb of Cleveland located directly on Lake Erie. It is a small town that does appear to have anything special about it. It was very hard to find an urban legend concerning this small town where I attended high school, but my friend’s father knew the perfect story. He was born and grew up in Lakewood, and so knew the area very well. He had not heard the legend before attending St. Edward, but heard it during his first week of high school. After that, the story became so common, that it did not seem weird to him. The students of the school simply seemed to acc... ...am Vet from Lakewood became a famous story not only in the halls of St. Edward, but throughout the city of Lakewood. With the ghost of the vet haunting Lakewood Park, the entire city was haunted by the tale, with sightings of the ghost being made by many different citizens. However, the story is special to St. Edward because it is believed that the vet who committed suicide attended St. Edward High School before going to war. Urban Legends help to tell a history and share a culture with those who listen to them. The Legend of the Vietnam War Vet did just this. The story was easily relatable to kids of the area, as most kids either attended Lakewood High School or St. Edward. The story of the Vietnam Vet from Lakewood is one that has served to create a culture for Lakewood, Ohio, and is one which will live on in the city, and the halls of St. Edward High School.

Culture Shock Essay

Culture shock is the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country or to a move between social environments also a simple travel to another type of life. One of the most common causes of culture shock involves individuals in a foreign environment. Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of five distinct phases: Honeymoon, Negotiation, Adjustment, Mastery and Independence, are the most common attributes that pertain to existing problems, further hindrances include: information overload, language barrier, generation gap, technology gap, skill interdependence, formulation dependency, homesickness (cultural), infinite regress (homesickness), boredom (job dependency), response ability (cultural skill set). There is no true way to entirely prevent culture shock, as individuals in any society are personally affected by cultural contrasts differently. The four phases Honeymoon phase During this period, the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new food, the pace of life, and the locals’ habits. During the first few weeks, most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with nationals who speak their language, and who are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like most honeymoon periods, this stage eventually ends.[4] Negotiation phase After some time (usually around three months, depending on the individual), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. Excitement may eventually give way to unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as one continues to experience unfavorable events that may be perceived as strange and offensive to one’s cultural attitude. Language barriers, stark differences in public hygiene, traffic safety, food accessibility and quality may heighten the sense of disconnection from the surroundings. While being transferred into a different environment puts special pressure on communication skills, there are practical difficulties to overcome, such as circadian rhythm disruption that often leads to insomnia and daylight drowsiness; adaptation of gut flora to  different bacteria levels and concentrations in food and water; difficulty in seeking treatment for illness, as medicines may have different names from the native country’s and the same active ingredients might be hard to recognize. Still, the most important change in the period is communication: People adjusting to a new culture often feel lonely and homesick because they are not yet used to the new environment and meet people with whom they are not familiar every day. The language barrier may become a major obstacle in creating new relationships: special attention must be paid to one’s and others’ culture-specific body language signs, linguistic faux pas, conversation tone, linguistic nuances and customs, and false friends. In the case of students studying abroad, some develop additional symptoms of loneliness that ultimately affect their lifestyles as a whole. Due to the strain of living in a different country without parental support, international students often feel anxious and feel more pressure while adjusting to new cultures—even more so when the cultural distances are wide, as patterns of logic and speech are different and a special emphasis is put on rhetoric. Adjustment phase Again, after some time (usually 6 to 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more â€Å"normal†. One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture and begins to accept the culture’s ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are reduced. Mastery phase In the mastery stage assignees are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. Mastery does not mean total conversion; people often keep many traits from their earlier culture, such as accents and languages. It is often referred to as the biculturalism stage Reverse culture shock Reverse Culture Shock (a.k.a. â€Å"Re-entry Shock†, or â€Å"own culture shock†) may take place — returning to one’s home culture after growing accustomed to a  new one can produce the same effects as described above. This results from the psychosomatic and psychological consequences of the readjustment process to the primary culture. The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock. This phenomenon, the reactions that members of the re-entered culture exhibit toward the re-entrant, and the inevitability of the two are encapsulated in the saying â€Å"you can’t go home again,† first coined by Thomas Wolfe in his book of that title. Outcomes There are three basic outcomes of the Adjustment Phase: Some people find it impossible to accept the foreign culture and integrate. They isolate themselves from the host country’s environment, which they come to perceive as hostile, withdraw into a â€Å"ghetto† and see return to their own culture as the only way out. These â€Å"Rejectors† also have the greatest problems re-integrating back home after return. Some people integrate fully and take on all parts of the host culture while losing their original identity. They normally remain in the host country forever. This group is sometimes known as â€Å"Adopters†. Some people manage to adapt to the aspects of the host culture they see as positive, while keeping some of their own and creating their unique blend. They have no major problems returning home or relocating elsewhere. This group can be thought to be somewhat cosmopolitan. Culture shock has many different effects, time spans, and degrees of severity. Many people are handicapped by its presence and do not recognize what is bothering them. Transition shock Culture shock is a subcategory of a more universal construct called transition shock. Transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation predicated by a change in one’s familiar environment which requires adjustment. There are many symptoms of transition shock, some which include: Excessive concern over cleanliness and health Feelings of helplessness and withdrawal Irritability Anger Glazed stare Desire for home and old friends Physiological stress reactions Homesickness Boredom Withdrawal Getting â€Å"stuck† on one thing Suicidal or fatalistic thoughts Excessive sleep Compulsive eating/drinking/weight gain Stereotyping host nationals Hostility towards host nationals Culture Shock The term, culture shock, was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place. We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin. Often, the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking machines, not knowing how to use the telephone and so forth. The symptoms of cultural shock can appear at different times. Although, one can experience real pain from culture shock; it is also an opportunity for redefining one’s life objectives. It is a great opportunity for leaning and acquiring new perspectives. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity. Symptoms: Sadness, loneliness, melancholy Preoccupation with health Aches, pains, and allergies Insomnia, desire to sleep too much or too little Changes in temperament, depression, feeling vulnerable, feeling powerless Anger, irritability, resentment, unwillingness to interact with others Identifying with the old culture or idealizing the old country Loss of identity Trying too hard to absorb everything in the new culture or country Unable to solve simple problems Lack of confidence Feelings of inadequacy or insecurity Developing stereotypes about the new culture Developing obsessions such as over-cleanliness Longing for family Feelings of being lost, overlooked, exploited or abused Stages of Culture Shock Culture shock has many stages. Each stage can be ongoing or appear only at certain times. The first stage is the incubation stage. In this first stage, the new arrival may feel euphoric and be pleased by all of the new things encountered. This time is called the â€Å"honeymoon† stage, as everything encountered is new and exciting. Afterwards, the second stage presents itself. A person may encounter some difficult times and crises in daily life. For example, communication difficulties may occur such as not being understood. In this stage, there may be feelings of discontent, impatience, anger, sadness, and feeling incompetence. This happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new culture that is very different from the culture of origin. Transition between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete. During the transition, there can be strong feelings of dissatisfaction. The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced. One may start to feel a certain psychological balance. The new arrival may not feel as lost and starts to have a feeling of direction. The individual is more familiar with the environment and wants to belong. This initiates an evaluation of the old ways versus those of the new. In the fourth stage, the person realizes that the new culture has good and bad things to offer. This stage can be one of double integration or triple integration depending on the number of cultures that the person has to process. This integration is accompanied by a more solid feeling of belonging. The person starts to define him/herself and establish goals for living. The fifth stage is the stage that is called the â€Å"re-entry shock.† This occurs when a return to the country of origin is made. One may find that things are no longer the same. For example, some of the newly acquired customs are not in use in the old culture. These stages are present at different times and each person has their own way of reacting in the stages of culture shock. As a consequence, some stages will be longer and more difficult than others. Many factors contribute to the duration and effects of culture shock. For example, the individual’s state of mental health, type of personality, previous experiences, socio-economic conditions, familiarity with the language, family and/or social support systems, and level of education. How to Fight Culture Shock The majority of individuals and families that immigrate from other countries have the ability to positively confront the obstacles of a new environment. Some ways to combat stress produced by culture shock are: Develop a hobby Don’t forget the good things you already have! Remember, there are always resources that you can use Be patient, the act of immigrating is a process of adaptation to new situations. It is going to take time Learn to be constructive. If you  encounter an unfavorable environment, don’t put yourself in that position again. Be easy on yourself. Don’t try too hard. Learn to include a regular form of physical activity in your routine. This will help combat the sadness and loneliness in a constructive manner. Exercise, swim, take an aerobics class, etc. Relaxation and meditation are proven to be very positive for people who are passing through periods of stress Maintain contact with your ethnic group. This will give you a feeling of belonging and you will reduce your feelings of loneliness and alienation Maintain contact with the new culture. Learn the language. Volunteer in community activities that allow you to practice the language that you are learning. This will help you feel less stress about language and useful at the same time. Allow yourself to feel sad about the things that you have left behind: your family, your friends, etc. Recognize the sorrow of leaving your old country. Accept the new country. Focus your power on getting through the transition. Pay attention to relationships with your family and at work. They will serve as support for you in difficult times. Establish simple goals and evaluate your progress. Find ways to live with the things that don’t satisfy you 100%. Maintain confidence in yourself. Follow your ambitions and continue your plans for the future. If you feel stressed, look for help. There is always someone or some service available to help you. What Is It? Culture shock isn’t a clinical term or medical condition. It’s simply a common way to describe the confusing and nervous feelings a person may have after leaving a familiar culture to live in a new and different culture. When you move to a new place, you’re bound to face a lot of changes. That can be exciting and stimulating, but it can also be overwhelming. You may feel sad, anxious, frustrated, and want to go home. It’s natural to have difficulty adjusting to a new culture. People from other cultures (whom you’ll be hanging out with and going to school with) may have grown up with values and beliefs that differ from yours. Because of these differences, the things they talk about, the ways they express themselves, and the importance  of various ideas may be very different from what you are used to. But the good news is that culture shock is temporary. What Causes Culture Shock? To understand culture shock, it helps to understand what culture is. You may know that genes determine a big part of how you look and act. What you might not know is that your environment — your surroundings — has a big effect on your appearance and behavior as well. Your environment isn’t just the air you breathe and the food you eat, though; a big part of your environment is culture. Culture is made up of the common things that members of a community learn from family, friends, media, literature, and even strangers. These are the things that influence how theylook, act, and communicate. Often, you don’t even know you’re learning these things because they become second-nature to you — for instance, the way you shake hands with someone when meeting them, when you eat your meals each day, the kind of things you find funny, or how you view religion. When you go to a new place, such as a new country or even a new city, you often enter a culture that is different from the one you left. Sometimes your culture and the new culture are similar. Other times, they can be very different, and even contradictory. What might be perfectly normal in one culture — for instance, spending hours eating a meal with your family — might be unusual in a culture that values a more fast-paced lifestyle. The differences between cultures can make it very difficult to adjust to the new surroundings. You may encounter unfamiliar clothes, weather, and food as well as different people, schools, and values. You may find yourself struggling to do things in your new surroundings that were easy back home. Dealing with the differences can be very unsettling; those feelings are part adjusting to a new culture.

Characteristics Of Ethnographic And Case Study Approach

Unit 7 DB 1 Characteristics of ethnographic or case study approach There are multiple characteristics of ethnographic approach. The research is considered to be more of a descriptive type research approach, Which is intended for â€Å"in-depth investigation and description of cultural groups, cultures, large organizations and groupings, and their features (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 16). This type of research immerses its selves in the organization or culture they are reviewing, and becoming a part of the culture so that we can learn about it from the inside out. Therefore, this methodology often involves longer time frame for information collection, and will f regularly return a number of times to the location where their research to†¦show more content†¦The cases in a case study are the object of study, and is a search of a circumscribed system. So, the phrase circumscribed system means that the person to be studied will be easily distinguished from the same phenomenon, because it tends to have a clear boundary that would differe ntiate it from all others. Why would we even consider an Ethnography approach? So, what are the advantages of selecting an ethnographic approach? Well, this learner will list what she considers to be the most important reasons which are: that it can be done entirely by one person and it is considered to be â€Å"longitudinal in nature, which allows us to record and see the changes over time and it can be carried out almost at any place† (Sangasubana 2011, p. 528). This approach also focuses on treating them other than objects versus working with others and gives us more of a rich and detailed information base for further writings and investigation. Report and data collection Angrosino (2007) stated that there are three modes of data collection within ethnography research, which are: observation, interviewing and archival research. So, observation: is irreplaceable to the researcher because it tends to merge the researcher’s involvement in the lives of the individuals under the study while upholding a professional distance (Fetterman, 1998). Angrosino (2007), stated that the interviewing process is about directing a conversation to collect information, and archival research is all about the Characteristics Of Ethnographic And Case Study Approach Characteristics of ethnographic or case study approach There are multiple characteristics of ethnographic approach. This research is considered to be more of a descriptive type research approach, that is intended for â€Å"in-depth research and descriptions of ethnic groups, cultures, large organizations, and their features† (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 16). This type of research immerses its selves in the organization or culture they are reviewing, and becoming a part of the culture, so that we can learn about it from the inside out. Therefore, this methodology often involves longer time frame for information collection, and consists of researchers returning a number of times to the location where the research is to acquire more information. Some â€Å"doctoral learners tend to avoid ethnographic studies, because of the typical long time-commitments, however, it can be a fruitful approach, even in shorter periods, for understanding the customs, culture, belief systems, and implicit rules of organizations and large groupsà ¢â‚¬  (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 15) Now, case studies are considered to be more of an in-depth study that uses many approaches and data sources of a solo case. Percy, Kostere, Kostere, (2015, p. 19) stated that when we do a single case study, we do not mean a case study of one person, but instead we mean a study of a solo research/topic questions. From time to time there is a quantity of cases that are reported and studied together. The cases in aShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Ethnographic And Case Study Approach1369 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 7 DB 1 Characteristics of ethnographic or case study approach There are multiple characteristics of ethnographic approach. The research is considered to be more of a descriptive type research approach, Which is intended for â€Å"in-depth investigation and description of cultural groups, cultures, large organizations and groupings, and their features (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 16). This type of research immerses its selves in the organization or culture they are reviewing, and becomingRead MoreEthnographic Research Design1154 Words   |  5 Pagesqualitative data collection approach than a quantitative approach as they explore groups of people, in such cases ethnographic designs are best suited for their needs. Ethnographic research is designed for the collection of qualitative data because it goal is to write about groups of people in a cultural context such as â€Å"language, rituals, economic and political structures, life stages, interactions and communication styles† (Creswell, 2008, p.473). A design such as ethnographic research that requiresRead MoreThe Volunteer Stages And Transition Models : Organizational Socialization Of Volunteers1355 Words   |  6 PagesMethod Article Critique CITATION Haski-Leventhal, D., Bargal, D. (2008). The volunteer stages and transitions model: Organizational socialization of volunteers. Human Relations, 61(1), 67-102. STUDY PURPOSE The article, â€Å"The Volunteer stages and transition models: Organizational socialization of volunteers†, by Haski-Leventhal and Bargal explores volunteers’ experiences in an organization and proposes learning and interaction models within the context of volunteering. The abstract of the articleRead MoreArticle Critique 11374 Words   |  6 Pages The researchers in the study used a qualitative research design. Qualitative research study uses qualitative methods of collecting and analysing data with the aim of examining any data patterns and relations (Moule and Hek 2011). This was the case because the research generated relations and patterns in the ICU and the issue of brochures to the families affected. The research questions addressed in this article were more appropriate for an in-depth ethnographic study as presented by the researchersRead MoreCreativity in Literacy Practices2408 Words   |  10 PagesTEXTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL APPROACH by Agatha Xaris Villa INTRODUCTION AT PRESENT, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC CREATIVITY. THEY DIFFER IN THE WAY THE WAY THAT THEY CONCEPTUALIZE WHAT COUNTS AS CREATIVENESS OR ‘LITERARINESS’ IN LANGUAGE AS WELL AS IN THE METHODS THEY USE TO IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE CREATIVITY IN EVERYDAY LANGUAGE. This essay begins by discussing and exploring the premises of an analysis of creativity at text level following a textual approach to literacy and creativity;Read MoreResearch Methods Are Used For Conducting Research757 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch, and case studies (Myers Avison, 2002; Denzin Lincoln, 2005). Having said that, Myers (1999, p.3) clearly stated that the researchers should be â€Å"aware of the potential benefits and risks beforehand, and to know in which circumstances it might or might not be appropriate.† Therefore, three research methods were studied action research, case study, and ethnography research. Action Research Action Research (AR) defined by Rapoport (1970, p.499), widely cited definition, as an approach that â€Å"aimsRead MoreA Research On Computer System1035 Words   |  5 Pagesinterviews and focus groups. Several qualitative designs include case studies, ethnographic studies, grounded theory, and phenomenological studies (Mason, 2002). Case study explores a single entity or phenomenon bounded by the time and activity and collects detail information through a variety of data collection procedures over a period (Mason, 2002). This design is a descriptive record of the participant’s experience. The ethnographic study explore culture interaction of participants sharing commonRead MoreCreativity in Literacy Practices2398 Words   |  10 PagesAND CONTEXTUAL APPROACH by Agatha Xaris Villa INTRODUCTION AT PRESENT, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC CREATIVITY. THEY DIFFER IN THE WAY THE WAY THAT THEY CONCEPTUALIZE WHAT COUNTS AS CREATIVENESS OR ‘LITERARINESS’ IN LANGUAGE AS WELL AS IN THE METHODS THEY USE TO IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE CREATIVITY IN EVERYDAY LANGUAGE. This essay begins by discussing and exploring the premises of an analysis of creativity at text level following a textual approach to literacy andRead MoreThe Topic Of Recruitment Of Skilled Workers878 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion for exploratory, large qualitative studies.† (Gray, Pg. 57). A lot of the data presented in this research project will come from the skilled workers themselves, and their input as to what they look for in an organization before joining. Next, while researching my question, I would decide which methodological approach I am going to take. According to the statement in the textbook that reads, â€Å"If the project seeks to conduct an ethnographic study which focuses on the meanings and interpretationsRead MoreCritical Evaluation of Articles by Russel (2005) and Brown Et Al. (2005)] Critical Evaluation of Articles by Russel (2005) and Brown Et Al. (2005)]3636 Words   |  15 Pagesal. (2005)] [Konstantin Dambaev] Student ID: [4158276] Word count: 3007 (without headings), 3234 (with headings). COPY [1] It’s a question of trust: Balancing the relationship between students and teachers in ethnographic fieldwork Russell, L. 1. The researcher says that â€Å"[i]ntense observations in the classroom and playground area were completed †¦ [and] detailed observations were conducted in †¦ lessons† (p.184). What can you infer about the things she observed

Reason Why Teenagers Age 13- 18 Years Old from Different...

6545345 Reasons Why Teenagers Engage Themselves to Smoking A thesis submitted to the Faculty of St. Paul College, Pasig In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research Nicole Therese Ang-Angco Caryl Marie Balagot Cara Dominique Beltran Sheena Sharmaine Estayo Julianne Rose Santarina March 2009 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING A. Research Problem: Reason why teenagers age 13- 18 years old from different colleges and universities engage in cigarette smoking despite its negative effects B. Objectives: 1. To gather information about teenage smoking 2. To conduct surveys to both smokers and past smokers 3. To interview 8 smokers/past smokers for the researchers to be able to probe and get†¦show more content†¦According to Dr. Christine Williams of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla, New York; children who have parents who smoke are more likely to smoke as well as they get bigger. Williams also states that parents who do not want their children to smoke must quit themselves. â€Å"Children learn what they live, it’s not enough for parents to say, ‘do what I say and not what I do’,† Williams said. She also believes that advertisements play a very strong role in influencing the children. (Philippine Journal, November 20, 1998) â€Å"Parents are the single most important influence on their children’s decision to smoke, drink, or use drugs, yet many parents do not fully understand the extent of their influence.† (Ph ilip Morris USA, n.d.) Kids do understand that smoking is dangerous, but many of them try it anyway out of curiosity, low self-esteem, peer pressure, the need to establish their own independent identities, and to rebel against their parents. (Rodrigo-Cuenca, M., Philippine Star, p. E-1, August 5, 2003) According to the book, Peddling Poison: The Tobacco Industry and Kids, Many young people have the false impression that the effect of smoking and other tobacco use are problems they will only have to face much later in life. Many youth who start smoking think they can quit the habit easily. (Snell, C., 2005) Another reason is related to physical appearance. Prof. Arthur Crisp of St. George’s Hospital in London says, â€Å"We foundShow MoreRelatedInflence of Parental Monitoring on Adolescent Decision Making9466 Words   |  38 Pagesintellectual and emotional development is greater than that of young children, yet they are not fully mature. By age 14, their basic cognitive sk ills are substantially similar to what they will be in adulthood, although they lack the experience of adults. They are likely to have a well-developed set of preferences and a set of moral values. Risk taking is a natural part of teenagers lives. They need to take some risks in order to grow, trying new activities, generating new ideas, experimentingRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 Pages................................................................................................... 4 School Life ................................................................................................................................ 4 University Life ........................................................................................................................... 6 Adult Learning ..................................................................................................Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagessave money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. 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Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 LIMITED PHOTOCOPY LICENSE The Publisher grants to individual purchasers of this book nonassignable permissionRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pages2009012531 First Edition: August 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction ix xi I. Defining Moment Stacie Hogya Anonymous Anonymous David La Fiura Anonymous Avin Bansal Anonymous Brad Finkbeiner Anonymous 4 7 10 13 17 20 23 26 29 ii. UndergradUate experience John Coleman Maxwell Anderson Lavanya Anantharman Rosita Najmi Faye Iosotaluno Anonymous Rohan Nirody v 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 Contents III. Career aspirations Jason Kreuziger Anonymous James ReinhartRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. 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Research Paper on Huntingtons Disease - 1268 Words

Huntington’s disease is a hereditary brain disorder that is progressive in neurodegeneration; which means, there is a loss of function and structures of one’s neurons. In the long run it results in the loss of both mental and physical control. The disease affects muscle coordination, cognition and behavior. It used to be known as Huntington’s chorea because it is the most common genetic disease that is the cause of abnormal twitching. Huntington s has an intense effect on patients, as individuals gradually lose the ability to reason, speak and swallow. Also, motor symptoms, which affects in problems with walking, (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). Children born to parents who suffer from the disease have a 50% chance of inheriting and†¦show more content†¦Other problems that are associated with the effects of swallowing are; difficulty controlling rate of food or liquid ingestion, impulsivity while eating, difficulty chewing and initiating a swallow, holding food or liquid in the mouth, drooling and spillage, incomplete swallows – whereas the food or liquid is left in the mouth orShow MoreRelated Huntingtons Disease Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesHuntington’s disease is a degenerative neurological disorder affecting movement, cognition, and emotional state (Schoenstadt). There are two forms of Huntington’s disease (Sheth). The most common is adult-onset Huntington’s disease, with persons usually developing symptoms in their middle 30s and 40s (Sheth). There is an early onset form of Huntington’s disease, beginning in childhood or adolescence, and makes up a small percentage of the H untington’s population (Sheth). Huntington’s disease is aRead MoreThe Huntington Disease Essay604 Words   |  3 PagesThis paper discusses one of the most well known neurodegenerative diseases named Huntington’s. Recent statistical records showed that the disease is widely spread around the world. Scientists have conducted many researches in order to study the mode of inheritance of the disease as well as to find a possible cure for it. They discovered that the disease is genetically inherited from one generation to another. The aim of this scientific paper is to provide information about this genetic disorder includingRead MoreGenetic Testing And Mental Health Disorders1039 Words   |  5 Pageswith Huntington’s disease through human genome and family research. Diagnostic and presymptomatic testing is available by discovering a gene mutation for Huntington Disease (HD) and prepares persons who are at risk for Huntington Disease (HD) to ask for genetic testing. A multi-visit protocol is enacted when HD genetic testing is offered through HD testing centers, followed by education and counseling for those requesting to have HD gene testing. I will use this paper to define Huntington’s diseaseRead MoreHuntington s Disease, Symptoms, Etiology, Diagnosis, And Diagnosis1560 Words   |  7 PagesHuntington’s disease affects 30,000 Americans and has 200,000 more Americans at risk to contract the disease. Huntington’s is now one of the most common brain disorders to be inherited. This paper will discuss and educate about the disease, pathology, signs and symptoms, etiology, prevalence, diagnostic studies, treatments, and the prognosis of Huntington’s disease. Huntington’s disease (or Huntington’s chorea) is a hereditary degenerative disease that affects the cerebral cortex and basal gangliaRead MoreStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesunsuccessful trials to find a cure for diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and/or Parkinson’s disease, it seems like scientific research has provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc.Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Understanding Genetics Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesThis web page is helpful in identifying the cause of the Agammaglobulinemia disorder. Bittles, A. H., Black, M. L. (2010). Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(suppl 1), 1779–1786. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906079106 Bittles is an Adjunct Professor and Research Leader at Murdoch University in Australia and is the author of the book â€Å"Consanguinity in Context†. M.L Black is employed at the Centre for Human Genetics at Edith CowanRead MoreHuntington s Disease ( Hd ) Is A Neurodegenerative Disease1289 Words   |  6 PagesHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects roughly 10 individuals per 100,000 (Nopoulus, 2016). This disorder is normally associated with symptoms including motor impairment, namely slowed movements and random muscle contractions, as well as depression and cognitive dysfunction. However, another prominent symptom that has yet to be mentioned until recently is sleep disturbance and alteration of normal circadian rhythms. It is estimated that 60-90% of HD patients have sleepRead MoreTwo Articles914 Words   |  4 Pageson how the original authors use evidence and reasoning to construct and support their positions, you can recognize the value of critical thinking in public discourse. Read the two articles Predictive Probes, and New Test Tells Whom a Crippling Disease Will Hit—and When from the textbook and write two separate analytical summaries. These articles can be found in the chapter titled: Deciding to accept an argument: Compare the evidence. This assignment has two parts. Part 1—First Article WriteRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Huntington s Disease2653 Words   |  11 PagesHuntington’s disease INTRODUCTION AIM The aim of this project is to discuss the various components that shape Huntington’s disease. The efficiency of this paper will depend heavily on a brief but, comprehensive examination of past and future research that may offer plausible suggestions and explanations to the following four subtopics; the history of Huntington’s disease, anticipation and genetic markers of Huntington’s disease, symptoms and treatment of Huntington’s disease and finally livingRead MoreHow Does the Brain Work?1754 Words   |  7 Pagespatients. The problem is more funding is given to Cancer research as opposed to Neurological research. A Patient with a Neurological disorder can be disabled their whole life without being able to do anything. It would only be fair to help those patients enjoy their life just like one does. If more funding was given to Neurological research, these patients could have a brighter future ahead of them. Fundings’ should be taken away from Canc er research to help Neurologists find new cures or new treatments

Marks and Spencer Hbr free essay sample

Marks and Spencer case analysis Mark and Spencer should change its business strategy in order to support to the need of customers in each country. Although Mark and Spencer succeeded in the UK market, it seemed not to succeed in capturing large market shares in the international market. The company can develop its competitive advantage from its existing resources and capabilities, and use them as a core competency to compete with competitors in the future. Mark and Spencer should use its strong basic advantages such as human resources and intangible and tangible resources in the overseas market.First of all, since employees are people who directly interact with customers, human resources is a key factor for retail stores. Mark and Spencer spent 16. 2 million on the welfare of its employees and allocated nearly 10% of store space to employees. The company also provided practical support for individual initiatives, including material for foreign language training and guidance to indentify and improve personal weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks and Spencer Hbr or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the company regularly promoted employees rather than hiring new employees.These policies could increase good environment in the workplace and employees’ loyalty and trust. Customers could also receive good services for their employees as well. In the competitive market, offering good services is one the more effective strategies for many companies to keep their customers with them. So I believe that the company could use this as a competitive advantage in when expending to new overseas markets. Brand reputation and recognition were other basic resources of Mark and Spencer’s competitive advantage.The company’s St Michael had been in the retail market for many years. Most customers believe in a high quality of the company’s products at reasonable prices which were the selling points for company since it’s first operated in 1884. Furthermore, instead of spending huge amounts of advertising money, the company mainly relied on use the word of mouth strategy to tell their story. This could reduce a lot of the advertising costs in the global market. Mark and Spencer could use its basic resource to the global market not only ntangible resource but also tangible resource such as information technology systems. Information technology systems could help the company track its stock in inventory and could reduce operating costs by reducing the products that did not respond well to the market. Customers would purchase clothing or food that what they really want from the company. Furthermore, in the retail store industry, inventory management is another key factor that Mark and Spencer can use to create competitive advantage. Operating costs will increase if the company carries too much inventory.The company could use that money in another business activities. So Mark and Spencer could use its advance information technology systems to create competitive advantages in both the clothing and food industries. Consequently, Mark and Spencer should deeply understand the foreign market. The strategy the company used in the UK might not suitable with another market. However, the company should use its internal resources and capabilities to increate market share and to create competitive advantage in the global market in the future.

Tony Takitani

Tony Takitani is a film that captures the melancholy of Murakami’s short story of the same name. Tony, the main character, a mechanical illustrator by profession, is a son of two Japanese parents. He grew up alone with a caretaker in his tender age since his mother had died a few days after he was born.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tony Takitani specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His father, a jazz musician, was never at home since he travelled a lot with his jazz band. This paper seeks to provide a critical analysis and comparison of the film and the novel Tony Takitani. The paper also highlights the film techniques that have been employed by the movie. Tony, who becomes a successful draughtsman, lives alone in his spacious apartment, a solitude environment that captures the audience attention. In his apartment, the director Ichikawa Jun captures a spacious apartment with a huge doorway and a window emph asizing unutilized space. This gives the audience a clear picture of a visible world that characterized Tony’s isolation (Murakami 2002). Tony’s loneliness begins in his childhood, growing up without a mother who died shortly after he was born. He also grew up without his father, a much travelled jazz musician who was always out for his music performance. In school, his different name isolates him from his peers since it sounds American. His only consolation is his ability to produce drawings, unique in nature and with unbelievable accuracy. This talent seems to compensate his loneliness, a life he had no ability to control. He later owes his success to this talent, in college and later in his career (Ichikawa 2004). Though Tony’s emptiness lingers throughout the movie, he appears unaware of his emptiness. At the beginning of the movie, the audience witness him say that he never thought he was especially lonely. Tony’s lack of awareness is presented clear ly in the film, and makes his loneliness to be especially poignant. Later when he meets Eiko, who becomes his wife, he begins to understand and fear his inner solitude. Eiko, a young beautiful lady, is a â€Å"shopaholic† who spends much of her time shopping for expensive clothes. She has a strange inclination to expensive designer clothes that even a spare room is converted into a wardrobe to accommodate her collections. At the beginning, Tony is mysteriously attracted by the relationship that Eiko shares with her wardrobe.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He tells her that he had never seen anyone who inhabited her clothes with such an obvious enjoyment. Later, he is intensely disturbed by her compulsive buying. He tells her to control her voracious desire for new clothes, a move that is emotionally welcomed by his wife. However, this ends up in a disastrous consequence t hat ends her life (Ichikawa 2004). Director Ichikawa employs the sound and lighting technique to characterize the solitude atmosphere in the film. The movie is a slow dreamlike story that is built by its own atmosphere rather than plot as the story unfolds. The off-kilter piano is arguably a melancholy lullaby that characterizes the mood in the film (Weis 1985). The fable-like quality of the film is evidently depicted by the washed out colors. Ichikawa has also employed dialogue to build the story of this movie. The dialogue between the protagonist and other people casted in the film serves to expose the nature of the character. It also serves to draw the audience into the events of the film (Mamer 2002). The film Tony Takitani employs the third person narration extensively. This distances the audience further from the story that unfolds. The characters in the movie spread the voiceover by occasionally addressing the audience directly. This playful touch has been employed by Ichikaw a to limit the mood from being too oppressive. It also draws the audience to the film as they lose themselves to unfolding events (Mamer 2002). The story begins by telling the real name of Toni Takitani to challenge the mystery with the reality. This has been used by Ichikawa, the film director and Murakami, the writer of the short story to capture the bathos of human condition. Murakami proceeds to describe the consequence of Tony’s real name. â€Å"His curly hair and sculpted characteristics† often made people believe that he was a mixed blood child, in reality; he was pure Japanese (Murakami 2002). However, Ichikawa has captured this introduction perfectly in the film. The character posed by Ogata in the movie suits Tony perfectly from the short story. His slow movement and vacant face brings out his inner emptiness. At some instance, he is described by Eiko’s ex-boyfriend as dull.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tony Takitani specifica lly for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This description is what is portrayed by Murakami in his short story, especially before he met his wife, and later after her demise. After he is left alone, the audience sees Tony huddled in the wardrobe room, probably to share what was left of his wife. The movie is based on a love story of a lonely man who becomes a professional in his field but lives in solitude. Ichikawa, the director of this film employs the third person narration technique to capture the short story authored by Murakami. Tony falls in love with a â€Å"shopaholic†, a woman who had a peculiar interest in shopping. At one time when Tony takes his wife for a holiday, Murakami writes that while in Italy and France, she moved from one boutique to another like she was possessed (Murakami 2002). Ichikawa employs framing technique to emphasize the shopping problem with Tony’s wife. The camera often shifts from her expensive clothes to her expensive boots to show their elegance. Ichikawa captures the theme of isolation that resonates in Murakami’s short story. According to Ichikawa, the isolation in Tony Takitani is genetic in nature. The father passes his loneliness to Tony, who literary imprisons himself in his house. Ichikawa uses third person narration as a distancing tool, using a low tone voice to match the mood. He creates a simple stage and shoots most of the scenes by changing the position of the stage and the inside. Ichikawa also uses the leading actor and actress to play two roles reducing the number of people in the movie. Ichikawa uses all these techniques to capture the literal world of Murakami. In the movie, Ichikawa highlights the contemporary loneliness and how a person can allow it to take over his life. Tony assists to create his own loneliness and attempts to fill the gaps he has created. In attempt to fill the spaces he has created, he continues to deepen his solitude. Tony’ s name has American’s origin after his father named him after an American army general. Tony was born during US occupation of Japan after the Second World War. Tony was given that name to help his father negotiate and earn favors from the Americans.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The narrator in the film states that being lonely is like being in a prison. Tony’s father and a jazz musician lie in a Chinese prison earlier in the movie. Later his son lies with the same loneliness in his jail, his own house. This is a clear indication of what Tony was going through all his life, loneliness and solitude. Ichikawa and Murakami helped Tony to build his own prison in his house. When dating his girlfriend, he kept imagining how life would be if she decided to decline his marriage proposal. As Murakami observes, â€Å"his solitude became a source of agony and a prison†. He kept staring at the cold thick walls and contemplated committing suicide if he was rejected (Murakami 2002). Movement technique has been used to emphasize Tony’s loneliness in his house. The right to left camera movement gives the audience a clear picture of his house and the solitude he was in. The film ends with Tony staring at a picture and thinking about someone else, other than himself. This is his way of showing his optimistic attitude and willingness to continue hoping. In Tony’s wife wardrobe, the camera moves slowly through the rows of expensive dresses. The camera focuses briefly on each fabric to capture the sophisticated nature of the collection (Mamer 2002). Ichikawa has also combined framing and lighting to capture the events in the film. Fade to black has been used effectively appearing like turning a page. The narrator is often cut out by the characters in the film that finish his sentences. The relationship between the narrator and the characters isolates them. In addition, this is Ichikawa’s way of emotionally distancing the audience. The audience ends up not showing any sympathy for Tony but instead adopts his world. There are some notable differences between the film and the short story. In the film, Ichikawa adds a scene that does not appear in Murakami’s short story. After Tony’s wife is dead, one of her be st friends approaches Tony and agrees that Eiko was â€Å"a real pain†. He then declares to Tony insultingly that he was dull, just like his drawings. This demonstrates that unlike Murakami’s short story, Ichikawa went further to emphasize the passive and pathetic state of the protagonist. The short story only sought to show the ordinariness of the protagonist character but the film marks the loneliness as exceptional. The short story is an account of the essential loneliness in life, while the film, though, based on the story is an account of the essential loneliness of Tony’s life. Ichikawa chooses to cast Rie Miyazawa to play the roles of Tony’s wife and the woman who plays the role of a secretary. Murakami’s story provides all Ichikawa needs for his movie, to produce both a familiar and a different plot. Ichikawa succeeds in building the story’s words with the film counterparts. In the story, the protagonist’s mother’s deat h is described in a simple way. As the author puts it, â€Å"just like that, she was cremated† and then adds †she faded into nothingness†. In the movie, the protagonist’s mother simply smiles back at the audience and vanishes into the trees. I agree with the suggestion that â€Å"the woman was born to wear beautiful clothes†. Tony got married to a woman with a strange behavior and with an insatiable need to wear new beautiful clothes. Eiko is arguably an incomplete woman who is attracted to fashions more than to anything else in the world. Wearing new expensive attires assuages her uncontrolled feelings of being incomplete. Although, Eiko turns an entire room into a wardrobe; her desire to buy more clothes does not end. To this woman, no number, design or taste was enough, she kept longing for more and more. After Tony gets concerned with this behavior, he tells her to control her desires. She agrees and even returns some of her unused collections. W hen she stops waiting for traffic light, she is taken away by the thoughts of the clothes. This is when she is slammed by a huge track and dies on the spot. This woman was indeed born to wear beautiful clothes and when she agrees to stop she meets her death. On the contrary, Tony was born to live in solitude, to lose and to make other people to be happy. In his life, both in the short story and the film, his loneliness is the most emphasized phenomenon. He has no close parent or relative, his peers discriminate him since they doubt his origin, and his college colleagues do not like his drawings. As the author writes, â€Å"he found it natural to be alone† (Murakami 2002). Although his wife spends a lot of his money on clothing, he does not object. He later puts a smile on another woman’s face when he attempts to hire her to replace his dead wife (Seats 2006). Later Tony sold his wife’s clothes and his father’s records at a throw away price. Tony’s purpose in life was to suffer and relieve the sufferings of other people. Tony loses his wife, attempts to replace her with a secretary, but then loses the secretary again. He then sells his wife’s apparels and shows at a throw away price. Tony then loses his father, and later sells his records, the only memory of his father again at a throw away price. In the end, Tony loses everything apart from his loneliness, showing that he was born to lose and to be lonely (Seats 2006). Murakami uses the name Tony to signify Japan’s attempts to succeed in materialistic world, an ideology that contributed to defeat in war. This ideology undermined commitment of Japanese people to families, a characteristic found with Tony’s father. Tony’s father did not participate in the war, he instead fled to China, and this separates him from imperialism in Japan. He was imprisoned in China and as other captives were executed, he was spared from death. This has been used by the a uthor to highlight his solitude as a captive. After he is released, he moves back to Japan. Although he makes a family, he is incessantly on the move probably to counter his haunting experience in prison (Rubin 2003). Ichikawa has employed the technique of impersonality by using an omniscient voice. This voice is often interrupted by the voice of characters in the film, especially that of Tony. This is a clear indication of a disconnection existing among the characters. The visual forms applied by Ichikawa take the expressive rather than decorative form. The audience views the expressive sequence of shots of Shozaburo and Tony lying on the floor in a confined room. This is in his attempt to express the literal world in Murakami’s short story. The audiences often views Tony scratching his feet depicting that he is often uncertain about himself. He scratches his feet to confirm his reality, a state that he is too lost to decipher. The profound distressing loneliness of present day Japanese culture is the main theme of Tony Takitani and which has been captured effectively in film by Ichikawa (Rubin 2003). Ichikawa considered ideological factors in the making of Tony Takitani. This film represents a passage of a particular era in history of Japan and shows growth of ideas with the passage of time. Ideological factors are closely linked to the social attitudes of people. The interaction between people in a film, their idea of social life and reasoning is represented by ideological factors in a narrative film. To understand the ideological factors that contributed in creation of Toni Takitani, we first need to understand this film as a social history. Most importantly is their ability to give a figure of the way daily life unfolded for all the characters. These include how the characters worked, how they had fun, how they formed families or how they fall apart. This will give a clear understanding of how the fabric of daily life was made or changed. This will give an understanding of the ideas applied by the people in their daily life, and hence the ideological factors (Cassegard 2007). Ideological factors can also be manifested in form of record of time in this film. Ichikawa has conserved gestures, rhythms, gaits, attitudes, and people’s interactions in different situations. In Tony Takitani, an audience can glimpse images of simple actions. For instance, we can view how Tony scratched his feet to confirm his reality. The audience can witness the way Tony’s wife died and the events that lead to her death (Cassegard 2007). Tony Takitani has been used by Ichikawa as a form of historical evidence that combines technological, cultural artistic and economic situation of Japan after the Second World War. Like other forms of representational art, this film makes vivid events. In this way, the movie portrays the social attitudes of the characters in the film, including the unconscious assumptions of Japanese societies. In the fi lm, Ichikawa uses lighting to show the emotional response of characters. He uses lens flare to invoke a sense of drama in the movie (Brown 2007). This is evident just before Tony’s wife is involved in an accident that ends her life. It has also been applied to give an expression of a real life scene. For instance, Rie running over a crest of a hill looks more of a real life photograph. The director has used sound as background music, sounds of objects in the story and voices of characters, all which are heard both by the audience and the characters in the film (Weis 1985). Another important aspect of sound employed by Ichikawa is the narrator’s commentary and mood music to create the solitude mood and the melancholy atmosphere of the film (Mamer 2002). References Brown, B 2007, Motion Picture and Video Lighting, Second Edition. Waltham, MA: Focal Press. Cassegard, C 2007, Shock and naturalization in contemporary Japanese literature Folkestone: Global Oriental. Ichikawa , J (Director) 2004, Tony Takitani [Motion Picture]. Mamer, B 2002, Film Production Technique: Creating the Accomplished Image. Beverly, MA: Wadsworth Publishing. Murakami, H 2002, April 15, Tony Takitani: A Short story by Haruki Murakami. New Yorker Magazine , pp. 1-13. Rubin, J 2003, Haruki Murakami and the music of words. London: Harvill Press. Seats, M 2006, Murakami Haruki: the simulacrum in contemporary Japanese culture. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books. Weis, E 1985, Film Sound: Theory and Practice. Columbia : Columbia University Press. This essay on Tony Takitani was written and submitted by user Ayaan Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.