Chinese Manga

Morals in Information Technology - Essay Example Protection in the working environment is an ethical issue that straightforwardly influences the representatives and the business. The issue experiences support in an association in light of the fact that different individuals in the association esteem data put away in their processing gadgets (Reynolds, 2014). At the point when a representative works in a specific association, the individual in question obtains different organization resources for example a PC. In as much as the business depends the worker with the specific sort of figuring hardware, it doesn't ensure total access to the framework by the business. That is the explanation with regards to why greater part of the associations demands that different workers defend their private data and records in scrambled or secret word secured drives or envelopes. Security works from a wide scope of issues. The main issue of security happens when there is the checking of the employee’s web exercises and the email use. Larger part of the enterprises and associations are receiving a strategy where worker exercises followed through a log document. The primary point of the specific action is to test the employees’ faithfulness to the organization or firm that has utilized them (Reynolds, 2014). In any case, the specific situation for the most part experiences treatment portrayed by numbness and different information that is close to home to the representative gets uncovered. The specific movement subsequently falls under break representative classification and security. A few cases can constrain a specific organization to lead such an action. The inquiry on whether it is correct or wrong for an organization to invade the individual information put away on PCs at work places stays a major test. The thought process of the quest for what records and reports looked gives a decent gauge to the conduction of such a movement. Be that as it may, for the proficient conduction of the specific procedure, proprietors of the specific PC frameworks experience sharpening of the activity (Reynolds, 2014). Different right standards or structures

Evelyn Hooker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evelyn Hooker - Essay Example was that gays and lesbians are basically maladjusted people who need the assistance of society to be re-coordinated and to have typical lives like a great many people. Her own and expert life was impacted to a major degree by her tutor with name of Prof. Karl Muenzinger who urged her to seek after further examinations on behaviorism, specifically the sub-subject of homosexuality. Her enthusiasm for this specific subject was because of her warming up to one of her understudies (name was Mr. Sam From) who was gay and moved her to contemplate him and different gay people to discredit regularly held ideas. Her different examinations invalidated gay people as socially maladjusted individuals; her investigations as a result demonstrated this gathering to be composed socially the same as everybody. Her examinations were utilized by the gay rights development to advance their own supports. Her own life beginning from her secondary school years, through school, to the experts program and in the end, the doctorate program impacted her examination work since she saw all these as an approach to escape destitution and the drudgery of house work. She was very fortunate to be familiar with educators who urged her to accomplish historic research work yet by her own affirmation, she did the examination increasingly to clear something up and sympathy. Her unknown association for a time of study in Europe gave her important bits of knowledge to the occasions occurring there around then, explicitly the mistreatment of the Jewish individuals on account of Hitler and Nazi Germany. She further headed out to Russia at around this time likewise and witnesses for herself and through direct experience social treacheries, for example, the widespread and plain victimization certain ethnic minorities. This gave her catalyst to concentrate her investigations on clinical brain research which brought forth her practically select focus on the investigation of homosexuality where this gathering of individuals are victimized as degenerates. A defining moment in her vocation

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Kate Richardson

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Kate Richardson At mbaMission, our consultants are more than just graduates of the world’s top MBA programsâ€"we are also expert communicators who possess an unparalleled knowledge of the admissions process. Each week, we highlight one member of our team who has committed his/her professional life to helping you get into business school. Kate Richardson earned her MBA from the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business and her BS in psychology from the University of Illinois. After completing her MBA, Kate worked for several years in management consulting at Axiom Consulting Partners, a boutique strategy execution firm. Her work at Axiom focused on ensuring that clients had the right organization and talent in place to execute their business strategies. As a principal with the firm, she also co-managed its recruiting program, including hiring MBA interns, and mentored entry-level consultants. While at Chicago Booth, Kate was actively involved in the Business Solutions Group and the Dean’s Student Admissions Committee and was also an Admissions Fellow, reading applications and conducting on-campus interviews. She has remained involved in the Chicago Booth community since graduating by serving as communications chair for the Booth Alumni Club of DC and as an alumni admissions interviewer. Before attending bus iness school, she worked in human resources for Pepco Energy Services and KPMG. Kate’s passion for identifying and developing future business leaders is central to her work at mbaMission. Originally from the Chicago area and having spent most of her professional career in Washington, DC, Kate now lives in Columbia, South Carolina. Quick Facts: Received MBA from: University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business Undergraduate field of study: Psychology Fields worked in before mbaMission: Management consulting, MBA admissions, recruiting, human resources, professional services (Big Four) Working style: Dedicated, direct, efficient, practical, thorough, supportive Five things Kate wants her clients to know about her: I successfully switched careers post-MBA to strategy consulting. I am very organized and will push clients to stay on track. I love helping clients become more self-aware about their goals, values, strengths, and weaknesses. I am an experienced recruiter of MBA talentâ€"resume reviewer, interviewer, and career adviser. I worked as a paid member of Chicago Booth’s admissions team, reviewing applications and interviewing candidates. What clients are saying about Kate: “I am 100% convinced that I would not have had the same successes in being admitted to top business schools if I hadn’t worked with Kate on every application. I’ve already recommended Kate to friends of mine going through the business school application process right now. Kate is such a gem for anyone applying to business school, and it was truly a pleasure to work with her.”  â€"Yale SOM Admit (via GMAT Club) “I’m extremely pleased with how the entire MBA application process went and how Kate helped me every step of the way, and I’m happy to recommend her MBA consultancy services to anyone who might be thinking of applying in the near future.” â€"UCLA Anderson Admit (via GMAT Club) “I worked with Kate Richardson on an hourly consulting basis for my business school applications. I was initially apprehensive about utilizing an admissions consultant because I thought I knew the story I wanted to tell and had many friends who recently applied to top schools. That said, I am extremely glad that I decided to work with Kate and am sure that my application process was smoother and more successful with her help. The expertise, guidance and support she provided were invaluable throughout my application process; I now have Kate to thank for being accepted at Wharton and HBS!” â€"Harvard Business School, Wharton Admit (via GMAT Club) Read more of Kate’s testimonials. Watch Kate’s video: Do you want to speak with Kate about your business school prospects? Sign up for a free 30-minute consultation here. Share ThisTweet mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Kate Richardson At mbaMission, our consultants are more than just graduates of the world’s top MBA programsâ€"we are also expert communicators who possess an unparalleled knowledge of the business school admissions process. Each week, we highlight one member of our team who has committed his/her professional life to helping you get into business school. Kate Richardson earned her MBA from the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business and has a BS in psychology from the University of Illinois. After earning her MBA, Kate worked for several years in management consulting at Axiom Consulting Partners, a boutique strategy execution firm. Kate’s work at Axiom focused on ensuring that clients had the right organization and talent in place to execute their business strategies. As a principal with the firm, she also co-managed its recruiting program, including hiring MBA interns, and mentored entry-level consultants. While at Chicago Booth, Kate was actively involved in the Business Solutions Group and the Dean’s Student Admissions Committee and was also an Admissions Fellow, reading applications and conducting on-campus interviews. Kate has remained involved in the Chicago Booth community since graduating by serving as communications chair for the Booth Alumni Club of DC and as an alumni admissions interviewer. Before attendin g business school, Kate worked in human resources for Pepco Energy Services and KPMG. Kate brings a passion for identifying and developing future business leaders to her work at mbaMission. Originally from the Chicago area and having spent most of her professional career in Washington, DC, Kate now lives in Columbia, South Carolina. Quick Facts Received MBA from:  University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business Undergraduate field of study:  Psychology Fields worked in before mbaMission:  Management Consulting, MBA Admissions, Recruiting, Human Resources, Professional Services (Big Four) Working style:  Dedicated, direct, efficient, practical, thorough, supportive   Hometown:  Chicago, Illinois (now lives in Columbia, South Carolina) Five things you want your clients to know about you: 1. Successfully switched careers post-MBA to Strategy Consulting 2. Very organized and will push clients to stay on track 3. Loves helping clients become more self-aware about their goals, values, strengths, and weaknesses 4. Experienced recruiter of MBA talentâ€"resume reviewer, interviewer, and career adviser 5. Worked as a paid member of Booths admissions team, reviewing applications and interviewing candidates What Past Clients are Saying “I really enjoyed talking to Kate. She was extremely candid and gave honest feedback without trying to push for paid services (which most other consultants do and it is a big dealbreaker.) She went well beyond the stipulated time (i goofed up with the timezone conversions:() MBAMission is doing a great job with its consultants, guides and workshops. In case I chose to hire the services of a consulting firm, MBAMission will be the go to place :) Cheers!”  â€" B-School Applicant “Kate was FANTASTIC. Honestly, she really put everything into perspective for me. She was both encouraging and realistic.” â€"B-School Applicant “I enjoyed my conversation with Kate. I was a bit nervous, but she surpassed my expectations. Kate provided me with meaningful insight and clear information on mbaMission. I’m happy I got to speak with Kate!” â€"B-School Applicant See more testimonials for Kate Richardson Watch Kates Video Want a free consultation with Kate? Sign up here.   Share ThisTweet mbaMission Consultant Spotlight

What is Organizational Culture Explain both how the...

When we hear the word culture , what appear on our minds are traditions, which have lived and been practiced through the generations of a certain race, tribe or people, for examples, top-spinning and traditional wedding for the Malays. In the following paragraphs, I will be explaining what organizational culture actually is, as applied to the organizations nowadays. According to R.W. Griffin, in his book Management, he defines organizational culture as a broad form of culture, which comprises of a set of values, beliefs, behaviours, customs, and attitudes that help the members of the organization understand what it stands for, how it does things, and what it considers important. If we go back to our earlier interpretation of culture,†¦show more content†¦Consider this example of the English national football team. During the European 2000 tournament, the England team played badly and was actually dumped out in the first round. Not long after that, the manager, who was an English, gave up his post, and the English Football Association later appointed a Swedish, a foreigner, to fill in the vacancy. Sven Goran Erikkson, the new manager, is very well-known, and has been a manager in a number of clubs all around Europe with excellent success records. With his knowledge and experience, he has instilled a new dimension of European flavour into the national team, especially in terms of dieting methods, training and tactics. His winning mentality has so far been absorbed by the players, and this is shown by the turn of fortune the team have been experiencing since then. Although a football team is not a typical organization as we discussed in this entire essay, it shows that a change in culture brought by an outsider signifies it similarity with, say for example, when a new outside CEO is appointed within the organization, and how important the resulting effects could be. Similar to the point above, but in an altogether different perspective, an organizational culture could also surface through mergers and acquisitions. Such co-operating and takeover activities are quite commonplace nowadays, where competition keeps especially large businesses to stay ahead, and at the same time act as a cost-cutting measure. For example,Show MoreRelatedWhat is an organizational culture? Explain both how the culture of an organization might evolve and why an understanding of organizational culture is important?1577 Words   |  7 PagesA culture is a pattern of assumptions and beliefs deeply held in common by members of an organization (Schein, 1985). Culture comprised of assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs such as artifacts of organization members, slogans, logos and observable behaviors. It is difficult to express culture distinctly but you can tell the culture of an organization by looking at the member s clothes, the arrangement of the furniture and how they communicate with each other. Different organization hasRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Workplace Norms898 Words   |  4 Pages Organizational culture defined as a distinct set of workplace, traditions, values, and practices, frequently shape how people behave in their current workplace. Three sources of organizational culture that influence how people behave are known as workplace values, workplace norms, and workplace artifacts. Understanding organizational culture changes how people act in the public workplace. People would behave around coworkers, and supervisors. The interpersonal communication used to talk to the personRead MoreThe Extinction Of The Wi ld, Endangered Species1551 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the nature or from humans. Could this happen in organizations that go through an organizational change? Surely, innovation and change are constant in organizations around the world due to the rapid advancement of the technology and business in general. Unfortunately, employees don’t usually adapt fast enough in response to an upcoming change or reorganization. Truly, as mentioned by Steve Jobs, â€Å"Technology alone is nothing. What is important is that we have faith in people, that we are basicallyRead MoreDb Forum 11684 Words   |  7 PagesPatricia A. Springer Liberty University Organizational Design and Structure BUSI610 Dr. Johnny Maddox August 19, 2013 Module/Week 1 Discussion Board Q: Why is shared information so important in a learning organization in comparison to an efficient performance organization? A: Whenever you share information it promotes collaboration and communication between specific groups. It helps identify problems and solve particular issues within an organization. Sharing information, keeps the linesRead MoreOrganization Behavior Analysis2131 Words   |  9 Pages Organizational Behavior Analysis Andrea D. Davis Business 610 June 02, 2013 Dr. Cheryl Moore Abstract This paper explorers the organizational behavior for type of culture, modes of communication, nature of authority, motivational techniques, areas of EQ incorporated, the components of a virtual organization embraced and how the organization embraces new paradigms such as teleworking and virtual offices within The Internal Revenue Service. Managers in organizations engage in a variety of activitiesRead MoreA Summary On Strategic Planning1393 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Planning MOD 440. The paper covers four areas. The first part of the paper will define what strategic planning means and the fundamental differences with other forms of planning. The second section of the summary paper discusses issues facing managers during organizational change. The third portion of the paper discusses the importance of a SWOT analysis and the impact on the performance of an organization. Finally, the mission statement and the vision statement’s importance will be explained.Read MoreAnsw er Key - Fund. of Management Chpt 1-7 Essay10238 Words   |  41 Pages1 UNDERSTANDING THE CHAPTER 1. What is an organization and why are managers important to an organization’s success? Answer – An organization is a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose. All organizations share three common characteristics. 1) Every organization has a purpose and is made up of people who are grouped in some fashion. 2) No purpose or goal can be achieved by itself, therefore organizations have members. 3) All organizations developRead MoreGoogle Organizational Culture9872 Words   |  40 Pageshas been widely recognized in both academic and business circles. A number of authors suggest that an anthropological approach is the most appropriate way to study cultural factors and assess their impact on an organizational environment. This investigation draws attention to several important cultural issues in business utilizing an anthropological perspective. It probes the relationship between culture and human behavior, between organizational values and organizational behavior, and identifies severalRead MoreThe Impact of Organizationa l Culture on Employee Satisfaction Productivity16041 Words   |  65 PagesGenerated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. The Impact of Organizational Culture On Employee Satisfaction and Productivity 1 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. The Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Satisfaction and Productivity Submitted to Emranul Huq Senior Lecturer School of Business United International University Submitted by Emam Hossan Noshin RiazRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership Of The Private Sector Within Malaysia8584 Words   |  35 PagesIntroduction 1.1 General Overview of the Problem Leaders and organizational culture are synonymous and hold great intrinsic value in every organization that tend to be dependent rather than mutually exclusive. In the current global climate, firms are in dire advocacy of the two factors above especially in the private sector within Malaysia. Previous literature elucidates a descriptive approach into the correlation of leadership and organizational culture however the absence of substantial literature in this

An Introduction to Dinosaurs

The Military of the Roman Empire - 2082 Words

Military of the Roman Empire The military of the Roman Empire formed the group that held Rome together. They fought with steadfast courage, love for their country, and honor for their people. They overcame some of the deadliest battles, even when they were outnumbered tremendously. There were several ranks and types of soldiers in the Roman Empire. There were around thirty-five to forty different types of soldiers in the Roman Military, all of which I have listed at the end of my paper. When Rome was at its highest point it is estimated that there were around 120 million people living there. At its peak the Roman army contained around 20 million soldiers. There has even been evidence that suggest that there were women in the roman†¦show more content†¦Military engineering was only evident during the peak of Roman military during the mid-Republic to the mid-Empire. Before the mid-Republic period there is very little evidence of military engineering, and in the late Empire it is the same. Only during the central period was engineering a major part of the Roman Military. Military engineering took the form of the regular construction of fortified camps, in road-building, in the construction of siege engines, to the building of roadways for travel of the roman military. Engineering practice led to the invention of siege equipment such as the ballistae. This was a large crossbow that could be used to take down stone walls with just a few blows. Also to the crea tion of siege towers, as well as allowing the troops to construct roads, bridges and fortified camps. All of these led to the ability for Roman troops to, assault settlements easier, move more rapidly to wherever they were needed, cross rivers to reduce march times, surprise enemies, and to camp in relative secure areas, even in enemy territory. Rome used its military aggressively. The Roman army had started from mainly farmers, and gaining new farming lands from other countries, for the its growing population or later retiring soldiers, was often one of the military’s main objectives. Only in the late Empire did the Roman militarys goal become keeping control over its territories. As the territories falling under Rome expanded, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Military Crisis Of The Roman Empire1125 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the military crisis of the Third Century of the Roman Empire, the armies were under proper recruitment, training and deployment. They even had armories dif ferent from the rest. The Roman army was divided into two groups with various functions, which had the overall element of defense. Frontier troops were in charge of the borders, while the mobile field forces were overseeing towns and cities. Frontier troops fought against weak threats like raiding along the border and prevented major attacksRead MoreThe Punic War1028 Words   |  4 PagesSome empires were prosperous and lengthy, while some came crashing right down. One of the most important parts of a civilization is defending and preserving the empire. Throughout history, many different civilizations used a variety of strategies to defend and preserve their empire. Three civilizations that took interesting approaches on preserving their empires were the Roman, Byzantine, and Egyptian Empires. The Roman Empire was said to be one of the most powerful and largest empires in allRead MoreTaking a Look at Ancient Empires663 Words   |  3 PagesAncient Empires such as Gupta, Rome, Maya, and Rome were some important empires.They all have Pros/Cons in their Empire. No empire was perfect, each empire had its own ups and downs. The Romans had a strong military that gained lots of new land compared to the Mayans who did not have a strong military because their military did not help gain lots of land and didn’t really defend their land well like the Romans did. Rome had better beliefs and religion such as Roman mythology which had stronger beliefsRead MoreRoman Empire Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesE-476 C.E) the Roman Empire had been ruled by a series of Roman emperors who had been increasingly dependent for the highly structured state of bureaucracy. The Gupta/Maurya during the time of (320 B.C.E-520 C.E.) was by way of imperial power based on family lineage. The Roman he artland was centered in Italy. Even after Italy had been conquered, it still stayed at that single peninsula that had been bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Alps Mountains. As for the Maurya Empire, it was locatedRead MoreEssay on A comparison of Ancient Rome and Pre WW1 United States908 Words   |  4 PagesA comparison of Ancient Rome and Pre WW1 United States Title: The Roman Empire and the Early United States A comparison The purpose of this paper is to show the comparison between remarkable empires that were created in many years apart. I chose to compare Pre-World War I United States and the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire information is said to be recorded between 753BC – 1184 BC (ThinkQuest) and the Pre World War I information is between late 19th century and early 20th century (Encarta)Read MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was a powerful governing body of extensive political and social structures throughout western civilization. How did this empire fall and were internal factories responsible? Slow occurrences in succession to one another led to the fall of the empire rather than one single event. The fall of the Roman Empire was a combination of both internal and external pressures, not just one, leading up to the complete decay of the cities—Rome and Constantinople. However, one could argue how oneRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire846 W ords   |  4 PagesVance Take Home Essay Final Fall 2014 A1. For an empire that lasted nearly 500 years, the fall of the Roman Empire was influenced by various different events. Four troubled ingredientes lead to the demise of the the greatest empire of all time; politics, money, social, and war. It is important to note that the fall of the Roman Empire does not mean that the romans lost everything, it is just a reference to the fall of the western roman empire. One of the causes of the fall of the west was thatRead MoreRoman Republic And The Roman Empire1146 Words   |  5 Pages Roman Military The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire together lasted for over one-thousand years,and at its height, their extensive territories stretched from the Atlantic Ocean in the West, to the rivers of Mesopotamia in the East, and from the Sahara desert in the South, to the River Rhine in Northern Europe. The one factor that made this spectacular feat possible was the exploits of the Roman Military. The military had succeeded in their expansion campaigns and had successfully defendedRead MoreWhat were the Primary Reasons for the Fall of Rome?1024 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the world’s greatest empires with their excellent military conquering territory from modern day Scotland to Spain. After the Punic Wars and the defeat of Carthage, Rome had full control of the Mediterranean region, establishing colonies in North Africa, Egypt, the Middle East, and Asia Minor. Julius Caesar became Rome’s first emperor using his military influence. Under his reign, Rome shifted from a republic to an empire under the rule of an emperor and the military. Rome steadily increased inRead MoreRoman Empire Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire was one of the greatest and longest lasting empires to date, but by A.D. 476 the empire was divided in two and its downfall was inevitable. There are many reasons for the downfall of the Western Roman Empire, some political some economical, but the four biggest factors were religion, war, size, and the decline of the Military. The problems that brought about the downfall of the Western Roman Empire were not unsolvable, but the leaders lacked the will and organization to fix them

Harmonization of Accounting Standards

Question: Discuss about the Harmonization of Accounting Standards. Answer: Introduction: Significance of harmonization of different accounting standards is towards serving the global stakeholders of the business organizations as the direct result of global economy. The main rationale is lying on the concept of standardized accounting policy amongst the nations(Haldma, 2003). The significance is categorically divided into following features: To facilitate the transactions internationally with minimization of costs of exchange with provision of true and fair facts of accounting information. To ensure standardization of accounting information for the global economic policy makers(Das Pramanik, 2009). To improve information of global financial markets To ensure improvement of accountability of government. To help providing a global level playing field To make a standard platform for the accounting professionals globally in the forms of auditors and regulators in respect of the standardized form of accounting information to ensure standardized form for evaluation process. In case of absence of free trade, international accounting standards will fix tariff, quotas and other trade restraint instruments of the nations to make the system more perfect with involvement of lesser risk for the players engaged in trade. Ability of Stakeholders in the forms of managers and investors for making right decisions(Unc, 2013). Efficiency level of global resource management will be enhanced with right allocation. Present expansion of global capital markets with availability of global communication demands of providing useful information with comparison within the international borders.(Rivera,1989) With the above changed global scenario, the significance of harmonization of accounting standards are getting more importance day-by-day. The European Union Countries, a major stakeholder of international trades are more conscious about the importance of this convergence. Lately Australia and New Zealand is also realizing the emphasis and implementing Australian Accounting Standard which is in the process of convergence with International Accounting Standards with the implementation o0f International Financial Reporting Standards of IFRS as the common the platform to ensure treatment of different accounting information for the finalization of accounting report(Gulin et al., 2003). Promoter of harmonization of accounting with reason: The main promoters of harmonization of accounting are European Union members, with USA, Australia and Canada. The main reason for harmonization of accounting is lying on the fixation of common platform on which the international standard of accounting can be established. Emphasis is being given on the foundation of standardized format of accounting application with relation to different issues in which different countries are adopting different system of accounting which defies the common purpose of standardization of accounting. With the newly emerged concept of global economy, the stakeholders of the business organizations are spread over globally. The practice of common accounting standard will help them to understand the accounting information depicted through financial reporting. The role of IFRS is self explanatory regarding the reporting of financial information as endorsed by the four giants of audit practices globally in the forms of Deloitte, KPMG, Ernst and Young and PWC(F ossung, 2010). Challenges of harmonization of accounting: Although it is theoretically acclaimed globally that the harmonization of accounting standards are necessary for the global economy, there are barriers or challenges to implement the same. The basic challenges are: Reluctant attitude- It is observed that US is not willing to accept the systems sponsored by International Accounting Standard Committee or IASC. As US is considered as the biggest market, it is really tough for international business houses to run their business without the acceptance of IASC. Being considered as the Big Brother of G4, the activities of IASC is restricted as a mere spectator in G$ meeting without the power of voting. Environmental difference- In case of application of harmonized accounting standards- legal, social, economic and cultural environments are playing major role which are main causes of diversity in the practiced accounting standards globally amongst the nations. Quality of Financial reporting It is depending upon the culture of accounting standards applied in the countries. Proper regulation with other support can ensure proper implementation of accounting standards and harmonization can only be possible if the countries are ready to accept the changes on accounting practice as per IASC. Rules vs. Principles- Conceptual difference of application of accounting standards raise doubt for the countries. International Accounting Standard Board is based on principle based guideline. There are countries which are more prone to rules and the concp0tual conflict is raised between rules and principles so far application of accounting standard is concerned. Main problem in this aspect is application of IFRS as a strong instrument of harmonization which cannot be acceptable for the countries that are habituated in rule based accounting system(Shil et al., 2016). References: Das, B. Pramanik, A.K., 2009. Harmonization of Accounting Standards through Internationalization ; https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.659.4546rep=rep1type=pdf. International Business Research, 2(2), pp.194-202. Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.659.4546rep=rep1type=pdf. Fossung, M.F., 2010. Harmonisation of accounting standards: disclosure policies and practices of european commercial banks. [Online] Available at: https://www.memoireonline.com/10/09/2775/m_Harmonisation-of-accounting-standards-disclosure-policies-and-practices-of-european-commercial-bank6.html [Accessed 29 December 2016]. Gulin, D., Ferdo, S., Vai?ek, V. Lajo, Ã… ½., 2003. History of accounting regulation in the Europe and its effects on theaccounting regulation in Crotia. [Online] Available at: https://www.crefige.dauphine.fr/recherche/histo_compta/gulin.pdf [Accessed 29 December 2016]. Haldma, T., 2003. Harmonization of Estonian accounting system with the European framework. [Online] Available at: https://www.mattimar.ee/publikatsioonid/majanduspoliitika/2003/2003/6_Ettevotluspol/49_Haldma.pdf [Accessed 29 December 2016]. Shil, N., Das, B. Pramanik, A.K., 2016. Harmonization of Accounting Standards through Internationalization. [Online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42385908_Harmonization_of_Accounting_Standards_through_Internationalization [Accessed 29 December 2016]. Unc, 2013. The EU and the Global Convergence in Accounting Standards. [Online] Available at: https://europe.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Brief0709-accounting-standards.pdf [Accessed 29 December 2016].

STALIN Essays (766 words) - Communism, Political Philosophy

STALIN Stalin Essay Much like Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin was one of the most ruthless and diabolical people in the history of the world. Hitler once said of Stalin, He is a beast, but he's a beast on a grand scale who must command our unconditional respect. In his own way, he is a hell of a fellow! (Stalin Breaker of Nations, p.xvi) What Hitler said of Stalin is only his opinion, and it is not a valid one at that. For you must consider the source, it takes a beast like Adolf Hitler to know a beast and Stalin was a horrible beast. He was also a murderer. Stalin abused his people when he starved them to death, and systematically murdered them. Stalin also abused his country by halting Russia's progress and economic growth. Stalin was a breaker of nations. Stalin first enter the Russian political system in the early nineteen teens. With the help form Lenin, Stalin proposed an answer to the National Question, which was self determination. Stalin's ruthlessness is first discovered by Lenin, whe n Stalin is sent to Georgia to convince the Georgia leader not to practice self determination. When the leader does not agree with what Stalin has to say, Stalin punches the man out and threaten to kill them all. Years after that incident Lenin end up dying and Stalin takes over as the leader of Russia. Because Trotsky was hated by many of the influential political figures in Russia, Stalin becomes the leader of Russia even after Lenin's dying last wishes. 1929 was the first of many years in which Stalin stunted Russia's growth. In that year the Engineer Trials were held. During these trials the Russian elite was brought forth by Stalin on the account of treason. Confessions by the elite which consisted of engineers, doctors, lawyers, teachers and clergy were extracted by many means including torture. After these trials were through thousands of the Russian elite were murdered, with their blood on Stalin's hands. These trails had a horrific effect on the progress of Russia, there wa s now nobody left to lead Russian into the future, and the few elite's that still remained in Russia lived in constant fear of their lives. Around 1932, Stalin had put his plan into action that was later called the Terror Famine. In the Terror Famine, Stalin started to order grain requisitions from the lower class in the Ukraine. Stalin used his army to retrieve the grain from the people, following the orders by Stalin, the army takes too much grain and causes a famine among the lower class. Stalin justified the taking of the grain by saying that it was just a way for the state to regulate the price of grain. By doing this Stalin ended up breaking the back of the Georgians and the Ukrainians. Knowingly, Stalin eliminated millions upon millions of Russian, between 30 and 50 million, in his attempt at an absolute totalitarian rule in Russia. By killing so many of the Russian's who were the ones which the economy was supported on, Stalin has broken the nation of the Ukraine. From aroun d 1936 through 1938 Stalin extracted his Great Terror. The Great Terror consisted of many events including the Purge Trials and the Katyn Massacre. During the purge trials, Stalin once again haltered Russian progress. The Purge Trials eliminated many military officers and engineers. The numbers are not exact, but between 250,000 to 500,000 Russians died because of Stalin's orders. These trials caused mass paranoia of the elite's, afraid to make a difference, for if they did then they would ultimately end up dead. Stalin not only haltered the growth of his own country, but he haltered the growth of neighboring counties, on being Poland. In Poland during the Great Terror, Stalin ordered the Katyn Massacre to occur. The top 15,000 officers in the Polish army were rounded up and killed in the forests of Belarus. This was a deep wound, the stunted the Polish progress, since now there were would be no more experienced leaders in Poland's future, since Stalin killed most of their military elite. Once again Stalin had broken another nation. During all this time, Stalin was also

National Park Service essays

National Park Service essays Topic: The National Park Service will continue to play an important role in twenty- first century society. Abstract: Those with a sense of destiny cried not exploitation, but preservation of Americas land. This belief created the first National Park and later the National Park Service to protect it and the lands that were to be added. The National Park Service will continue to protect the land and provide for the common good so visitors can enjoy the freedom of nature and see the unspoiled earth, as man first knew it. One country, one land bursting with life beholds the unspoiled beauty in Americas National Parks. Those citizens with a sense of destiny cried not exploitation, but preservation of the land. In 1872, Congress set aside two million acres of land to established the first national park, Yellowstone (Questar). Congress had vision to preserve the natural wonder of the land for the enjoyment of all Americans. It was called the best idea America ever had. Believing in this vision, Woodrow Wilson signed legislation to form the National Park Service in 1916 to protect the lands set aside by Congress. As the National Park System began to grow from 7.5 million acres of land to 80.1 million acres, measures had to be taken in order to establish rules and limitations within the parks. The National Park System contains some of the most important and largest natural preservations in the country: millions of acres of old untouched forests, wildlife reservations, lakes, and other natural beaut ies are preserved and protected as national treasures (Lovett 10). Allowing people access to the parks could harm the land in which Congress strives to protect. The question is how can the spirit of the land be preserved without taming it and is it possible to for the parks to be enjoyed and protected at the same time? The National Park Service serves the common good of the parks by ensuring that the c ...

Philosophy- Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy- Dualism - Essay Example In the world of religion, there is the persistent visible combat between what is good and that which is evil. In general, the key centre of argument is a belief in existence of two morally opposing links which cannot occur at the same moment. Occurrence of one means the other cannot happen concurrently. One cannot be a male and female at the same time under normal spheres of life. On the other hand, darkness and lights are two scenarios which cannot occur one on top of the other at the same time. In addition, it is impractical to display an active and at the same time passive .No one can be in motion at a stand still. To create an extinct reality, contrast is applied to experience something. These reciprocal interactions are what is referred to as a feedback loop an axis where two antagonizing forces do not oppose each other in occurrence but instead inverse to encourage stability. Active part of every autonomous unit lays a function of its contradictory. For instance, in illness lie s good health, in sadness is passive happiness. This concept applies the basic reality in simultaneous interaction of generally bad or good (Miller 6). Human mind is comprises of more components rather than just the brains. There is a spiritual non-materialist dimension encompassing consciousness and holistic eternal element. To comprehend this concept, an individual should imagine himself being an urn containing the physical body, brains alongside non physical parts like the mind, soul, spirit as the cables connected to urn to enable it perform completely and wholly desired by its owner who is the individual. Just like in a radio, the sound waves are not physical but the radio is just a piece of a thing without well configured waves. In contradiction, materialism concept concentrates only on physical aspects of material and dismisses non-physical parts as vague imagination. If this is true, then dualism is just but a wild imagination. However, in practicality, this cannot be true a s the human mind would completely lack the conscious and non conscious components actively involved in imagination and reasoning. Mind then would be compared to programmed software in a computer operating on manuals like machines (Miller 7). The brain would only reorganize the usual module of operation rather than normal free choice alternating between emotions, desires, will, thoughts and angulating sensations. Materialistic mind would only detect a pre determined program based no more than the edict of nature. With these revelations, dualism seem to carry the day as many scientists have come to accept that the law of science, cannot comprehensively explain the root components of the conscious and sub conscious attachments of human mind. The only response which would be expected from material minds would be machinery response rather than responsibility of behavior as all their action would be directed just by a program based on matter attributes. It would be difficult in that world to even allocated the lowest percentage of trust to our minds that are dependent on matter to carry out its duty. Dualism exist in so many varieties, one being substance dualism and the second variety is property dualism. Substance and property dualisms are but ones way of choosing what things are dualistic about. The third variety of dualism, which is however, the weakest form of dualism, is predicate dualism. This form is possible for the description of

Sacrament of marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sacrament of marriage - Essay Example This concerns the establishment of the relations among the people involved in the union, as well as, the attribution of the relationship to the purpose of God in the individual lives of the people2. Thus, from the catholic cannons, marriage is a sacrament between baptized people joined in union at the confines of the church doctrines. It constitutes the unbreakable bond of love between Christ and the people. Thus, like the other sacraments, the sacrament of marriage is a symbol to reveal the Lord Jesus, facilitate the divine life, and love to the people. The twentieth century saw the evolution of the theology of marriage within the developments of the church, begging with the incorporations established by Pope Pius XI in 930, and passing through to the Second Vatican Council and Pope Paul VI. The culmination was the unfolding of the writings on the insights of Pope John Paul II. The church drifted from the juridical presentation of marriage to adopt church pronouncements that personalized the duties and rights of marriage, to present it as a presentation for availing conjugal love between the spouses3. The Vatican and Cannon Law explains the definition of marriage as an intimate, exclusive, indissoluble communion of love and life shared by man and woman as a fulfillment to the design established by the Creator of their own good and procreation. This covenant entails joining two baptized persons, raising the dignity of the sacrament. Historical development ranges back to the initial establishments about the promiscuity of man, which instituted the need to develop religious cannons to streamline the practice of marriage4. The responsibilities associated also contributed to the establishment of the divine union, as practice of monogamy became the preaching from the church5. Thus, current establishments and practices in the sacrament of marriage have evolved

Structured Language and Higher Learning Essay Example for Free

Structured Language and Higher Learning Essay Simplified, social language plays acts as a vehicle for students to comprehend the basis of others’ arguments or opinions. According to Moore and Zainudin (2003), English learners use critical thinking skills to analyze dilemmas that may have been difficult to understand if they were complex issues (p.1). Teachers that emphasize the importance of familiar context could ease the English learners’ progress into acquiring their new language. Utilizing the mechanics of communication: listening, reading, writing, and speaking; create open opportunities for the students to get a â€Å"feel† of the other party’s perspective of their dialogue (Moore Zainudin, 2003, p. 2). Strong, constructed arguments tap into students’ imagination and ability to compile syllogisms. Their attempt to explain the premises of their experience; e.g. Yukiko’s inquiry of Vanessa’s recent piracy in correlation with her mother being a web designer, can build an understanding of the flaw in their understanding (Moore Zainudin, 2003, p.4). In other words, if the students realize that their responses are incoherent with their thesis or stated argument, they may reconstruct their thinking to align with facts involved in their learning. Structured controversial dialog allows students the opportunity to move from concrete usage to more abstract ideas. Moore and Zainudin’s (2003) example, â€Å"Telling on the Bully† scenario, Hiro is aware of Dylan’s behavior towards one of his friends (p 3). Hiro’s discussion with Erica brings the concreteness of him witnessing Dylan bullying another kid, but his internal conflict (retribution) comes to surface when Erica asks him if he will inform the teacher (p.5). Teachers can use the concepts of abstractness to complete the structure of a complete argument, thus, enhancing the student’s critical thinking through controversial dialogue. Reference Cited Moore, R. and Zainuddin,   H. (2003, June). Enhancing Critical Thinking with Structured Controversial Dialogues, 6. Retrieved September 27, 2006 from http://iteslj.org/Technique/Zainuddin-Controversial.html.

Ghost Story of Vietnam Veteran Haunting Lakewood, Ohio Essay -- Urban

Vietnam Veteran Haunting Lakewood, Ohio Perhaps some of the best stories told are classified as urban legends. Urban legends have become a part of culture, and a way to tell stories. They can tell us things about ourselves and about how we lead our lives. They serve to entertain us, but can also teach us lessons, such as morals to live by. Urban legends are passed on between generations, and become a part of the oral history of a place. Whether the stories are true or not, urban legends are often taken to hold at least some truth about a culture. No matter how radical some of the stories may be, people often take the urban legends to be true. People may take these stories to be true simply for entertainment purposes, but mostly because the morals the stories teach are important. Urban legends can become a part of the place where they originate, and can help define a culture, and shape its history. There a number of urban legends from where I live in Cleveland, Ohio, but one struck me more than others. The man who told me the story had attended the same high school as I, St. Edward High School, an all-boy high school, in Lakewood, Ohio. Lakewood, Ohio is a suburb of Cleveland located directly on Lake Erie. It is a small town that does appear to have anything special about it. It was very hard to find an urban legend concerning this small town where I attended high school, but my friend’s father knew the perfect story. He was born and grew up in Lakewood, and so knew the area very well. He had not heard the legend before attending St. Edward, but heard it during his first week of high school. After that, the story became so common, that it did not seem weird to him. The students of the school simply seemed to acc... ...am Vet from Lakewood became a famous story not only in the halls of St. Edward, but throughout the city of Lakewood. With the ghost of the vet haunting Lakewood Park, the entire city was haunted by the tale, with sightings of the ghost being made by many different citizens. However, the story is special to St. Edward because it is believed that the vet who committed suicide attended St. Edward High School before going to war. Urban Legends help to tell a history and share a culture with those who listen to them. The Legend of the Vietnam War Vet did just this. The story was easily relatable to kids of the area, as most kids either attended Lakewood High School or St. Edward. The story of the Vietnam Vet from Lakewood is one that has served to create a culture for Lakewood, Ohio, and is one which will live on in the city, and the halls of St. Edward High School.

Culture Shock Essay

Culture shock is the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country or to a move between social environments also a simple travel to another type of life. One of the most common causes of culture shock involves individuals in a foreign environment. Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of five distinct phases: Honeymoon, Negotiation, Adjustment, Mastery and Independence, are the most common attributes that pertain to existing problems, further hindrances include: information overload, language barrier, generation gap, technology gap, skill interdependence, formulation dependency, homesickness (cultural), infinite regress (homesickness), boredom (job dependency), response ability (cultural skill set). There is no true way to entirely prevent culture shock, as individuals in any society are personally affected by cultural contrasts differently. The four phases Honeymoon phase During this period, the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new food, the pace of life, and the locals’ habits. During the first few weeks, most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with nationals who speak their language, and who are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like most honeymoon periods, this stage eventually ends.[4] Negotiation phase After some time (usually around three months, depending on the individual), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. Excitement may eventually give way to unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as one continues to experience unfavorable events that may be perceived as strange and offensive to one’s cultural attitude. Language barriers, stark differences in public hygiene, traffic safety, food accessibility and quality may heighten the sense of disconnection from the surroundings. While being transferred into a different environment puts special pressure on communication skills, there are practical difficulties to overcome, such as circadian rhythm disruption that often leads to insomnia and daylight drowsiness; adaptation of gut flora to  different bacteria levels and concentrations in food and water; difficulty in seeking treatment for illness, as medicines may have different names from the native country’s and the same active ingredients might be hard to recognize. Still, the most important change in the period is communication: People adjusting to a new culture often feel lonely and homesick because they are not yet used to the new environment and meet people with whom they are not familiar every day. The language barrier may become a major obstacle in creating new relationships: special attention must be paid to one’s and others’ culture-specific body language signs, linguistic faux pas, conversation tone, linguistic nuances and customs, and false friends. In the case of students studying abroad, some develop additional symptoms of loneliness that ultimately affect their lifestyles as a whole. Due to the strain of living in a different country without parental support, international students often feel anxious and feel more pressure while adjusting to new cultures—even more so when the cultural distances are wide, as patterns of logic and speech are different and a special emphasis is put on rhetoric. Adjustment phase Again, after some time (usually 6 to 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more â€Å"normal†. One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture and begins to accept the culture’s ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are reduced. Mastery phase In the mastery stage assignees are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. Mastery does not mean total conversion; people often keep many traits from their earlier culture, such as accents and languages. It is often referred to as the biculturalism stage Reverse culture shock Reverse Culture Shock (a.k.a. â€Å"Re-entry Shock†, or â€Å"own culture shock†) may take place — returning to one’s home culture after growing accustomed to a  new one can produce the same effects as described above. This results from the psychosomatic and psychological consequences of the readjustment process to the primary culture. The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock. This phenomenon, the reactions that members of the re-entered culture exhibit toward the re-entrant, and the inevitability of the two are encapsulated in the saying â€Å"you can’t go home again,† first coined by Thomas Wolfe in his book of that title. Outcomes There are three basic outcomes of the Adjustment Phase: Some people find it impossible to accept the foreign culture and integrate. They isolate themselves from the host country’s environment, which they come to perceive as hostile, withdraw into a â€Å"ghetto† and see return to their own culture as the only way out. These â€Å"Rejectors† also have the greatest problems re-integrating back home after return. Some people integrate fully and take on all parts of the host culture while losing their original identity. They normally remain in the host country forever. This group is sometimes known as â€Å"Adopters†. Some people manage to adapt to the aspects of the host culture they see as positive, while keeping some of their own and creating their unique blend. They have no major problems returning home or relocating elsewhere. This group can be thought to be somewhat cosmopolitan. Culture shock has many different effects, time spans, and degrees of severity. Many people are handicapped by its presence and do not recognize what is bothering them. Transition shock Culture shock is a subcategory of a more universal construct called transition shock. Transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation predicated by a change in one’s familiar environment which requires adjustment. There are many symptoms of transition shock, some which include: Excessive concern over cleanliness and health Feelings of helplessness and withdrawal Irritability Anger Glazed stare Desire for home and old friends Physiological stress reactions Homesickness Boredom Withdrawal Getting â€Å"stuck† on one thing Suicidal or fatalistic thoughts Excessive sleep Compulsive eating/drinking/weight gain Stereotyping host nationals Hostility towards host nationals Culture Shock The term, culture shock, was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place. We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin. Often, the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking machines, not knowing how to use the telephone and so forth. The symptoms of cultural shock can appear at different times. Although, one can experience real pain from culture shock; it is also an opportunity for redefining one’s life objectives. It is a great opportunity for leaning and acquiring new perspectives. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity. Symptoms: Sadness, loneliness, melancholy Preoccupation with health Aches, pains, and allergies Insomnia, desire to sleep too much or too little Changes in temperament, depression, feeling vulnerable, feeling powerless Anger, irritability, resentment, unwillingness to interact with others Identifying with the old culture or idealizing the old country Loss of identity Trying too hard to absorb everything in the new culture or country Unable to solve simple problems Lack of confidence Feelings of inadequacy or insecurity Developing stereotypes about the new culture Developing obsessions such as over-cleanliness Longing for family Feelings of being lost, overlooked, exploited or abused Stages of Culture Shock Culture shock has many stages. Each stage can be ongoing or appear only at certain times. The first stage is the incubation stage. In this first stage, the new arrival may feel euphoric and be pleased by all of the new things encountered. This time is called the â€Å"honeymoon† stage, as everything encountered is new and exciting. Afterwards, the second stage presents itself. A person may encounter some difficult times and crises in daily life. For example, communication difficulties may occur such as not being understood. In this stage, there may be feelings of discontent, impatience, anger, sadness, and feeling incompetence. This happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new culture that is very different from the culture of origin. Transition between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete. During the transition, there can be strong feelings of dissatisfaction. The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced. One may start to feel a certain psychological balance. The new arrival may not feel as lost and starts to have a feeling of direction. The individual is more familiar with the environment and wants to belong. This initiates an evaluation of the old ways versus those of the new. In the fourth stage, the person realizes that the new culture has good and bad things to offer. This stage can be one of double integration or triple integration depending on the number of cultures that the person has to process. This integration is accompanied by a more solid feeling of belonging. The person starts to define him/herself and establish goals for living. The fifth stage is the stage that is called the â€Å"re-entry shock.† This occurs when a return to the country of origin is made. One may find that things are no longer the same. For example, some of the newly acquired customs are not in use in the old culture. These stages are present at different times and each person has their own way of reacting in the stages of culture shock. As a consequence, some stages will be longer and more difficult than others. Many factors contribute to the duration and effects of culture shock. For example, the individual’s state of mental health, type of personality, previous experiences, socio-economic conditions, familiarity with the language, family and/or social support systems, and level of education. How to Fight Culture Shock The majority of individuals and families that immigrate from other countries have the ability to positively confront the obstacles of a new environment. Some ways to combat stress produced by culture shock are: Develop a hobby Don’t forget the good things you already have! Remember, there are always resources that you can use Be patient, the act of immigrating is a process of adaptation to new situations. It is going to take time Learn to be constructive. If you  encounter an unfavorable environment, don’t put yourself in that position again. Be easy on yourself. Don’t try too hard. Learn to include a regular form of physical activity in your routine. This will help combat the sadness and loneliness in a constructive manner. Exercise, swim, take an aerobics class, etc. Relaxation and meditation are proven to be very positive for people who are passing through periods of stress Maintain contact with your ethnic group. This will give you a feeling of belonging and you will reduce your feelings of loneliness and alienation Maintain contact with the new culture. Learn the language. Volunteer in community activities that allow you to practice the language that you are learning. This will help you feel less stress about language and useful at the same time. Allow yourself to feel sad about the things that you have left behind: your family, your friends, etc. Recognize the sorrow of leaving your old country. Accept the new country. Focus your power on getting through the transition. Pay attention to relationships with your family and at work. They will serve as support for you in difficult times. Establish simple goals and evaluate your progress. Find ways to live with the things that don’t satisfy you 100%. Maintain confidence in yourself. Follow your ambitions and continue your plans for the future. If you feel stressed, look for help. There is always someone or some service available to help you. What Is It? Culture shock isn’t a clinical term or medical condition. It’s simply a common way to describe the confusing and nervous feelings a person may have after leaving a familiar culture to live in a new and different culture. When you move to a new place, you’re bound to face a lot of changes. That can be exciting and stimulating, but it can also be overwhelming. You may feel sad, anxious, frustrated, and want to go home. It’s natural to have difficulty adjusting to a new culture. People from other cultures (whom you’ll be hanging out with and going to school with) may have grown up with values and beliefs that differ from yours. Because of these differences, the things they talk about, the ways they express themselves, and the importance  of various ideas may be very different from what you are used to. But the good news is that culture shock is temporary. What Causes Culture Shock? To understand culture shock, it helps to understand what culture is. You may know that genes determine a big part of how you look and act. What you might not know is that your environment — your surroundings — has a big effect on your appearance and behavior as well. Your environment isn’t just the air you breathe and the food you eat, though; a big part of your environment is culture. Culture is made up of the common things that members of a community learn from family, friends, media, literature, and even strangers. These are the things that influence how theylook, act, and communicate. Often, you don’t even know you’re learning these things because they become second-nature to you — for instance, the way you shake hands with someone when meeting them, when you eat your meals each day, the kind of things you find funny, or how you view religion. When you go to a new place, such as a new country or even a new city, you often enter a culture that is different from the one you left. Sometimes your culture and the new culture are similar. Other times, they can be very different, and even contradictory. What might be perfectly normal in one culture — for instance, spending hours eating a meal with your family — might be unusual in a culture that values a more fast-paced lifestyle. The differences between cultures can make it very difficult to adjust to the new surroundings. You may encounter unfamiliar clothes, weather, and food as well as different people, schools, and values. You may find yourself struggling to do things in your new surroundings that were easy back home. Dealing with the differences can be very unsettling; those feelings are part adjusting to a new culture.

Characteristics Of Ethnographic And Case Study Approach

Unit 7 DB 1 Characteristics of ethnographic or case study approach There are multiple characteristics of ethnographic approach. The research is considered to be more of a descriptive type research approach, Which is intended for â€Å"in-depth investigation and description of cultural groups, cultures, large organizations and groupings, and their features (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 16). This type of research immerses its selves in the organization or culture they are reviewing, and becoming a part of the culture so that we can learn about it from the inside out. Therefore, this methodology often involves longer time frame for information collection, and will f regularly return a number of times to the location where their research to†¦show more content†¦The cases in a case study are the object of study, and is a search of a circumscribed system. So, the phrase circumscribed system means that the person to be studied will be easily distinguished from the same phenomenon, because it tends to have a clear boundary that would differe ntiate it from all others. Why would we even consider an Ethnography approach? So, what are the advantages of selecting an ethnographic approach? Well, this learner will list what she considers to be the most important reasons which are: that it can be done entirely by one person and it is considered to be â€Å"longitudinal in nature, which allows us to record and see the changes over time and it can be carried out almost at any place† (Sangasubana 2011, p. 528). This approach also focuses on treating them other than objects versus working with others and gives us more of a rich and detailed information base for further writings and investigation. Report and data collection Angrosino (2007) stated that there are three modes of data collection within ethnography research, which are: observation, interviewing and archival research. So, observation: is irreplaceable to the researcher because it tends to merge the researcher’s involvement in the lives of the individuals under the study while upholding a professional distance (Fetterman, 1998). Angrosino (2007), stated that the interviewing process is about directing a conversation to collect information, and archival research is all about the Characteristics Of Ethnographic And Case Study Approach Characteristics of ethnographic or case study approach There are multiple characteristics of ethnographic approach. This research is considered to be more of a descriptive type research approach, that is intended for â€Å"in-depth research and descriptions of ethnic groups, cultures, large organizations, and their features† (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 16). This type of research immerses its selves in the organization or culture they are reviewing, and becoming a part of the culture, so that we can learn about it from the inside out. Therefore, this methodology often involves longer time frame for information collection, and consists of researchers returning a number of times to the location where the research is to acquire more information. Some â€Å"doctoral learners tend to avoid ethnographic studies, because of the typical long time-commitments, however, it can be a fruitful approach, even in shorter periods, for understanding the customs, culture, belief systems, and implicit rules of organizations and large groupsà ¢â‚¬  (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 15) Now, case studies are considered to be more of an in-depth study that uses many approaches and data sources of a solo case. Percy, Kostere, Kostere, (2015, p. 19) stated that when we do a single case study, we do not mean a case study of one person, but instead we mean a study of a solo research/topic questions. From time to time there is a quantity of cases that are reported and studied together. The cases in aShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Ethnographic And Case Study Approach1369 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 7 DB 1 Characteristics of ethnographic or case study approach There are multiple characteristics of ethnographic approach. The research is considered to be more of a descriptive type research approach, Which is intended for â€Å"in-depth investigation and description of cultural groups, cultures, large organizations and groupings, and their features (Percy, Kostere, Kostere, 2015, p. 16). This type of research immerses its selves in the organization or culture they are reviewing, and becomingRead MoreEthnographic Research Design1154 Words   |  5 Pagesqualitative data collection approach than a quantitative approach as they explore groups of people, in such cases ethnographic designs are best suited for their needs. Ethnographic research is designed for the collection of qualitative data because it goal is to write about groups of people in a cultural context such as â€Å"language, rituals, economic and political structures, life stages, interactions and communication styles† (Creswell, 2008, p.473). A design such as ethnographic research that requiresRead MoreThe Volunteer Stages And Transition Models : Organizational Socialization Of Volunteers1355 Words   |  6 PagesMethod Article Critique CITATION Haski-Leventhal, D., Bargal, D. (2008). The volunteer stages and transitions model: Organizational socialization of volunteers. Human Relations, 61(1), 67-102. STUDY PURPOSE The article, â€Å"The Volunteer stages and transition models: Organizational socialization of volunteers†, by Haski-Leventhal and Bargal explores volunteers’ experiences in an organization and proposes learning and interaction models within the context of volunteering. The abstract of the articleRead MoreArticle Critique 11374 Words   |  6 Pages The researchers in the study used a qualitative research design. Qualitative research study uses qualitative methods of collecting and analysing data with the aim of examining any data patterns and relations (Moule and Hek 2011). This was the case because the research generated relations and patterns in the ICU and the issue of brochures to the families affected. The research questions addressed in this article were more appropriate for an in-depth ethnographic study as presented by the researchersRead MoreCreativity in Literacy Practices2408 Words   |  10 PagesTEXTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL APPROACH by Agatha Xaris Villa INTRODUCTION AT PRESENT, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC CREATIVITY. THEY DIFFER IN THE WAY THE WAY THAT THEY CONCEPTUALIZE WHAT COUNTS AS CREATIVENESS OR ‘LITERARINESS’ IN LANGUAGE AS WELL AS IN THE METHODS THEY USE TO IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE CREATIVITY IN EVERYDAY LANGUAGE. This essay begins by discussing and exploring the premises of an analysis of creativity at text level following a textual approach to literacy and creativity;Read MoreResearch Methods Are Used For Conducting Research757 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch, and case studies (Myers Avison, 2002; Denzin Lincoln, 2005). Having said that, Myers (1999, p.3) clearly stated that the researchers should be â€Å"aware of the potential benefits and risks beforehand, and to know in which circumstances it might or might not be appropriate.† Therefore, three research methods were studied action research, case study, and ethnography research. Action Research Action Research (AR) defined by Rapoport (1970, p.499), widely cited definition, as an approach that â€Å"aimsRead MoreA Research On Computer System1035 Words   |  5 Pagesinterviews and focus groups. Several qualitative designs include case studies, ethnographic studies, grounded theory, and phenomenological studies (Mason, 2002). Case study explores a single entity or phenomenon bounded by the time and activity and collects detail information through a variety of data collection procedures over a period (Mason, 2002). This design is a descriptive record of the participant’s experience. The ethnographic study explore culture interaction of participants sharing commonRead MoreCreativity in Literacy Practices2398 Words   |  10 PagesAND CONTEXTUAL APPROACH by Agatha Xaris Villa INTRODUCTION AT PRESENT, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC CREATIVITY. THEY DIFFER IN THE WAY THE WAY THAT THEY CONCEPTUALIZE WHAT COUNTS AS CREATIVENESS OR ‘LITERARINESS’ IN LANGUAGE AS WELL AS IN THE METHODS THEY USE TO IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE CREATIVITY IN EVERYDAY LANGUAGE. This essay begins by discussing and exploring the premises of an analysis of creativity at text level following a textual approach to literacy andRead MoreThe Topic Of Recruitment Of Skilled Workers878 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion for exploratory, large qualitative studies.† (Gray, Pg. 57). A lot of the data presented in this research project will come from the skilled workers themselves, and their input as to what they look for in an organization before joining. Next, while researching my question, I would decide which methodological approach I am going to take. According to the statement in the textbook that reads, â€Å"If the project seeks to conduct an ethnographic study which focuses on the meanings and interpretationsRead MoreCritical Evaluation of Articles by Russel (2005) and Brown Et Al. (2005)] Critical Evaluation of Articles by Russel (2005) and Brown Et Al. (2005)]3636 Words   |  15 Pagesal. (2005)] [Konstantin Dambaev] Student ID: [4158276] Word count: 3007 (without headings), 3234 (with headings). COPY [1] It’s a question of trust: Balancing the relationship between students and teachers in ethnographic fieldwork Russell, L. 1. The researcher says that â€Å"[i]ntense observations in the classroom and playground area were completed †¦ [and] detailed observations were conducted in †¦ lessons† (p.184). What can you infer about the things she observed

Reason Why Teenagers Age 13- 18 Years Old from Different...

6545345 Reasons Why Teenagers Engage Themselves to Smoking A thesis submitted to the Faculty of St. Paul College, Pasig In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research Nicole Therese Ang-Angco Caryl Marie Balagot Cara Dominique Beltran Sheena Sharmaine Estayo Julianne Rose Santarina March 2009 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING A. Research Problem: Reason why teenagers age 13- 18 years old from different colleges and universities engage in cigarette smoking despite its negative effects B. Objectives: 1. To gather information about teenage smoking 2. To conduct surveys to both smokers and past smokers 3. To interview 8 smokers/past smokers for the researchers to be able to probe and get†¦show more content†¦According to Dr. Christine Williams of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla, New York; children who have parents who smoke are more likely to smoke as well as they get bigger. Williams also states that parents who do not want their children to smoke must quit themselves. â€Å"Children learn what they live, it’s not enough for parents to say, ‘do what I say and not what I do’,† Williams said. She also believes that advertisements play a very strong role in influencing the children. (Philippine Journal, November 20, 1998) â€Å"Parents are the single most important influence on their children’s decision to smoke, drink, or use drugs, yet many parents do not fully understand the extent of their influence.† (Ph ilip Morris USA, n.d.) Kids do understand that smoking is dangerous, but many of them try it anyway out of curiosity, low self-esteem, peer pressure, the need to establish their own independent identities, and to rebel against their parents. (Rodrigo-Cuenca, M., Philippine Star, p. E-1, August 5, 2003) According to the book, Peddling Poison: The Tobacco Industry and Kids, Many young people have the false impression that the effect of smoking and other tobacco use are problems they will only have to face much later in life. Many youth who start smoking think they can quit the habit easily. (Snell, C., 2005) Another reason is related to physical appearance. Prof. Arthur Crisp of St. George’s Hospital in London says, â€Å"We foundShow MoreRelatedInflence of Parental Monitoring on Adolescent Decision Making9466 Words   |  38 Pagesintellectual and emotional development is greater than that of young children, yet they are not fully mature. By age 14, their basic cognitive sk ills are substantially similar to what they will be in adulthood, although they lack the experience of adults. They are likely to have a well-developed set of preferences and a set of moral values. Risk taking is a natural part of teenagers lives. 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Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagessave money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesExcept as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 LIMITED PHOTOCOPY LICENSE The Publisher grants to individual purchasers of this book nonassignable permissionRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pages2009012531 First Edition: August 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction ix xi I. Defining Moment Stacie Hogya Anonymous Anonymous David La Fiura Anonymous Avin Bansal Anonymous Brad Finkbeiner Anonymous 4 7 10 13 17 20 23 26 29 ii. UndergradUate experience John Coleman Maxwell Anderson Lavanya Anantharman Rosita Najmi Faye Iosotaluno Anonymous Rohan Nirody v 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 Contents III. Career aspirations Jason Kreuziger Anonymous James ReinhartRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. 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Research Paper on Huntingtons Disease - 1268 Words

Huntington’s disease is a hereditary brain disorder that is progressive in neurodegeneration; which means, there is a loss of function and structures of one’s neurons. In the long run it results in the loss of both mental and physical control. The disease affects muscle coordination, cognition and behavior. It used to be known as Huntington’s chorea because it is the most common genetic disease that is the cause of abnormal twitching. Huntington s has an intense effect on patients, as individuals gradually lose the ability to reason, speak and swallow. Also, motor symptoms, which affects in problems with walking, (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). Children born to parents who suffer from the disease have a 50% chance of inheriting and†¦show more content†¦Other problems that are associated with the effects of swallowing are; difficulty controlling rate of food or liquid ingestion, impulsivity while eating, difficulty chewing and initiating a swallow, holding food or liquid in the mouth, drooling and spillage, incomplete swallows – whereas the food or liquid is left in the mouth orShow MoreRelated Huntingtons Disease Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesHuntington’s disease is a degenerative neurological disorder affecting movement, cognition, and emotional state (Schoenstadt). There are two forms of Huntington’s disease (Sheth). The most common is adult-onset Huntington’s disease, with persons usually developing symptoms in their middle 30s and 40s (Sheth). There is an early onset form of Huntington’s disease, beginning in childhood or adolescence, and makes up a small percentage of the H untington’s population (Sheth). Huntington’s disease is aRead MoreThe Huntington Disease Essay604 Words   |  3 PagesThis paper discusses one of the most well known neurodegenerative diseases named Huntington’s. Recent statistical records showed that the disease is widely spread around the world. Scientists have conducted many researches in order to study the mode of inheritance of the disease as well as to find a possible cure for it. They discovered that the disease is genetically inherited from one generation to another. The aim of this scientific paper is to provide information about this genetic disorder includingRead MoreGenetic Testing And Mental Health Disorders1039 Words   |  5 Pageswith Huntington’s disease through human genome and family research. Diagnostic and presymptomatic testing is available by discovering a gene mutation for Huntington Disease (HD) and prepares persons who are at risk for Huntington Disease (HD) to ask for genetic testing. A multi-visit protocol is enacted when HD genetic testing is offered through HD testing centers, followed by education and counseling for those requesting to have HD gene testing. I will use this paper to define Huntington’s diseaseRead MoreHuntington s Disease, Symptoms, Etiology, Diagnosis, And Diagnosis1560 Words   |  7 PagesHuntington’s disease affects 30,000 Americans and has 200,000 more Americans at risk to contract the disease. Huntington’s is now one of the most common brain disorders to be inherited. This paper will discuss and educate about the disease, pathology, signs and symptoms, etiology, prevalence, diagnostic studies, treatments, and the prognosis of Huntington’s disease. 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It is estimated that 60-90% of HD patients have sleepRead MoreTwo Articles914 Words   |  4 Pageson how the original authors use evidence and reasoning to construct and support their positions, you can recognize the value of critical thinking in public discourse. Read the two articles Predictive Probes, and New Test Tells Whom a Crippling Disease Will Hit—and When from the textbook and write two separate analytical summaries. These articles can be found in the chapter titled: Deciding to accept an argument: Compare the evidence. This assignment has two parts. Part 1—First Article WriteRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Huntington s Disease2653 Words   |  11 PagesHuntington’s disease INTRODUCTION AIM The aim of this project is to discuss the various components that shape Huntington’s disease. The efficiency of this paper will depend heavily on a brief but, comprehensive examination of past and future research that may offer plausible suggestions and explanations to the following four subtopics; the history of Huntington’s disease, anticipation and genetic markers of Huntington’s disease, symptoms and treatment of Huntington’s disease and finally livingRead MoreHow Does the Brain Work?1754 Words   |  7 Pagespatients. The problem is more funding is given to Cancer research as opposed to Neurological research. A Patient with a Neurological disorder can be disabled their whole life without being able to do anything. It would only be fair to help those patients enjoy their life just like one does. If more funding was given to Neurological research, these patients could have a brighter future ahead of them. Fundings’ should be taken away from Canc er research to help Neurologists find new cures or new treatments

Marks and Spencer Hbr free essay sample

Marks and Spencer case analysis Mark and Spencer should change its business strategy in order to support to the need of customers in each country. Although Mark and Spencer succeeded in the UK market, it seemed not to succeed in capturing large market shares in the international market. The company can develop its competitive advantage from its existing resources and capabilities, and use them as a core competency to compete with competitors in the future. Mark and Spencer should use its strong basic advantages such as human resources and intangible and tangible resources in the overseas market.First of all, since employees are people who directly interact with customers, human resources is a key factor for retail stores. Mark and Spencer spent 16. 2 million on the welfare of its employees and allocated nearly 10% of store space to employees. The company also provided practical support for individual initiatives, including material for foreign language training and guidance to indentify and improve personal weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks and Spencer Hbr or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the company regularly promoted employees rather than hiring new employees.These policies could increase good environment in the workplace and employees’ loyalty and trust. Customers could also receive good services for their employees as well. In the competitive market, offering good services is one the more effective strategies for many companies to keep their customers with them. So I believe that the company could use this as a competitive advantage in when expending to new overseas markets. Brand reputation and recognition were other basic resources of Mark and Spencer’s competitive advantage.The company’s St Michael had been in the retail market for many years. Most customers believe in a high quality of the company’s products at reasonable prices which were the selling points for company since it’s first operated in 1884. Furthermore, instead of spending huge amounts of advertising money, the company mainly relied on use the word of mouth strategy to tell their story. This could reduce a lot of the advertising costs in the global market. Mark and Spencer could use its basic resource to the global market not only ntangible resource but also tangible resource such as information technology systems. Information technology systems could help the company track its stock in inventory and could reduce operating costs by reducing the products that did not respond well to the market. Customers would purchase clothing or food that what they really want from the company. Furthermore, in the retail store industry, inventory management is another key factor that Mark and Spencer can use to create competitive advantage. Operating costs will increase if the company carries too much inventory.The company could use that money in another business activities. So Mark and Spencer could use its advance information technology systems to create competitive advantages in both the clothing and food industries. Consequently, Mark and Spencer should deeply understand the foreign market. The strategy the company used in the UK might not suitable with another market. However, the company should use its internal resources and capabilities to increate market share and to create competitive advantage in the global market in the future.

Tony Takitani

Tony Takitani is a film that captures the melancholy of Murakami’s short story of the same name. Tony, the main character, a mechanical illustrator by profession, is a son of two Japanese parents. He grew up alone with a caretaker in his tender age since his mother had died a few days after he was born.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tony Takitani specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His father, a jazz musician, was never at home since he travelled a lot with his jazz band. This paper seeks to provide a critical analysis and comparison of the film and the novel Tony Takitani. The paper also highlights the film techniques that have been employed by the movie. Tony, who becomes a successful draughtsman, lives alone in his spacious apartment, a solitude environment that captures the audience attention. In his apartment, the director Ichikawa Jun captures a spacious apartment with a huge doorway and a window emph asizing unutilized space. This gives the audience a clear picture of a visible world that characterized Tony’s isolation (Murakami 2002). Tony’s loneliness begins in his childhood, growing up without a mother who died shortly after he was born. He also grew up without his father, a much travelled jazz musician who was always out for his music performance. In school, his different name isolates him from his peers since it sounds American. His only consolation is his ability to produce drawings, unique in nature and with unbelievable accuracy. This talent seems to compensate his loneliness, a life he had no ability to control. He later owes his success to this talent, in college and later in his career (Ichikawa 2004). Though Tony’s emptiness lingers throughout the movie, he appears unaware of his emptiness. At the beginning of the movie, the audience witness him say that he never thought he was especially lonely. Tony’s lack of awareness is presented clear ly in the film, and makes his loneliness to be especially poignant. Later when he meets Eiko, who becomes his wife, he begins to understand and fear his inner solitude. Eiko, a young beautiful lady, is a â€Å"shopaholic† who spends much of her time shopping for expensive clothes. She has a strange inclination to expensive designer clothes that even a spare room is converted into a wardrobe to accommodate her collections. At the beginning, Tony is mysteriously attracted by the relationship that Eiko shares with her wardrobe.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He tells her that he had never seen anyone who inhabited her clothes with such an obvious enjoyment. Later, he is intensely disturbed by her compulsive buying. He tells her to control her voracious desire for new clothes, a move that is emotionally welcomed by his wife. However, this ends up in a disastrous consequence t hat ends her life (Ichikawa 2004). Director Ichikawa employs the sound and lighting technique to characterize the solitude atmosphere in the film. The movie is a slow dreamlike story that is built by its own atmosphere rather than plot as the story unfolds. The off-kilter piano is arguably a melancholy lullaby that characterizes the mood in the film (Weis 1985). The fable-like quality of the film is evidently depicted by the washed out colors. Ichikawa has also employed dialogue to build the story of this movie. The dialogue between the protagonist and other people casted in the film serves to expose the nature of the character. It also serves to draw the audience into the events of the film (Mamer 2002). The film Tony Takitani employs the third person narration extensively. This distances the audience further from the story that unfolds. The characters in the movie spread the voiceover by occasionally addressing the audience directly. This playful touch has been employed by Ichikaw a to limit the mood from being too oppressive. It also draws the audience to the film as they lose themselves to unfolding events (Mamer 2002). The story begins by telling the real name of Toni Takitani to challenge the mystery with the reality. This has been used by Ichikawa, the film director and Murakami, the writer of the short story to capture the bathos of human condition. Murakami proceeds to describe the consequence of Tony’s real name. â€Å"His curly hair and sculpted characteristics† often made people believe that he was a mixed blood child, in reality; he was pure Japanese (Murakami 2002). However, Ichikawa has captured this introduction perfectly in the film. The character posed by Ogata in the movie suits Tony perfectly from the short story. His slow movement and vacant face brings out his inner emptiness. At some instance, he is described by Eiko’s ex-boyfriend as dull.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tony Takitani specifica lly for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This description is what is portrayed by Murakami in his short story, especially before he met his wife, and later after her demise. After he is left alone, the audience sees Tony huddled in the wardrobe room, probably to share what was left of his wife. The movie is based on a love story of a lonely man who becomes a professional in his field but lives in solitude. Ichikawa, the director of this film employs the third person narration technique to capture the short story authored by Murakami. Tony falls in love with a â€Å"shopaholic†, a woman who had a peculiar interest in shopping. At one time when Tony takes his wife for a holiday, Murakami writes that while in Italy and France, she moved from one boutique to another like she was possessed (Murakami 2002). Ichikawa employs framing technique to emphasize the shopping problem with Tony’s wife. The camera often shifts from her expensive clothes to her expensive boots to show their elegance. Ichikawa captures the theme of isolation that resonates in Murakami’s short story. According to Ichikawa, the isolation in Tony Takitani is genetic in nature. The father passes his loneliness to Tony, who literary imprisons himself in his house. Ichikawa uses third person narration as a distancing tool, using a low tone voice to match the mood. He creates a simple stage and shoots most of the scenes by changing the position of the stage and the inside. Ichikawa also uses the leading actor and actress to play two roles reducing the number of people in the movie. Ichikawa uses all these techniques to capture the literal world of Murakami. In the movie, Ichikawa highlights the contemporary loneliness and how a person can allow it to take over his life. Tony assists to create his own loneliness and attempts to fill the gaps he has created. In attempt to fill the spaces he has created, he continues to deepen his solitude. Tony’ s name has American’s origin after his father named him after an American army general. Tony was born during US occupation of Japan after the Second World War. Tony was given that name to help his father negotiate and earn favors from the Americans.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The narrator in the film states that being lonely is like being in a prison. Tony’s father and a jazz musician lie in a Chinese prison earlier in the movie. Later his son lies with the same loneliness in his jail, his own house. This is a clear indication of what Tony was going through all his life, loneliness and solitude. Ichikawa and Murakami helped Tony to build his own prison in his house. When dating his girlfriend, he kept imagining how life would be if she decided to decline his marriage proposal. As Murakami observes, â€Å"his solitude became a source of agony and a prison†. He kept staring at the cold thick walls and contemplated committing suicide if he was rejected (Murakami 2002). Movement technique has been used to emphasize Tony’s loneliness in his house. The right to left camera movement gives the audience a clear picture of his house and the solitude he was in. The film ends with Tony staring at a picture and thinking about someone else, other than himself. This is his way of showing his optimistic attitude and willingness to continue hoping. In Tony’s wife wardrobe, the camera moves slowly through the rows of expensive dresses. The camera focuses briefly on each fabric to capture the sophisticated nature of the collection (Mamer 2002). Ichikawa has also combined framing and lighting to capture the events in the film. Fade to black has been used effectively appearing like turning a page. The narrator is often cut out by the characters in the film that finish his sentences. The relationship between the narrator and the characters isolates them. In addition, this is Ichikawa’s way of emotionally distancing the audience. The audience ends up not showing any sympathy for Tony but instead adopts his world. There are some notable differences between the film and the short story. In the film, Ichikawa adds a scene that does not appear in Murakami’s short story. After Tony’s wife is dead, one of her be st friends approaches Tony and agrees that Eiko was â€Å"a real pain†. He then declares to Tony insultingly that he was dull, just like his drawings. This demonstrates that unlike Murakami’s short story, Ichikawa went further to emphasize the passive and pathetic state of the protagonist. The short story only sought to show the ordinariness of the protagonist character but the film marks the loneliness as exceptional. The short story is an account of the essential loneliness in life, while the film, though, based on the story is an account of the essential loneliness of Tony’s life. Ichikawa chooses to cast Rie Miyazawa to play the roles of Tony’s wife and the woman who plays the role of a secretary. Murakami’s story provides all Ichikawa needs for his movie, to produce both a familiar and a different plot. Ichikawa succeeds in building the story’s words with the film counterparts. In the story, the protagonist’s mother’s deat h is described in a simple way. As the author puts it, â€Å"just like that, she was cremated† and then adds †she faded into nothingness†. In the movie, the protagonist’s mother simply smiles back at the audience and vanishes into the trees. I agree with the suggestion that â€Å"the woman was born to wear beautiful clothes†. Tony got married to a woman with a strange behavior and with an insatiable need to wear new beautiful clothes. Eiko is arguably an incomplete woman who is attracted to fashions more than to anything else in the world. Wearing new expensive attires assuages her uncontrolled feelings of being incomplete. Although, Eiko turns an entire room into a wardrobe; her desire to buy more clothes does not end. To this woman, no number, design or taste was enough, she kept longing for more and more. After Tony gets concerned with this behavior, he tells her to control her desires. She agrees and even returns some of her unused collections. W hen she stops waiting for traffic light, she is taken away by the thoughts of the clothes. This is when she is slammed by a huge track and dies on the spot. This woman was indeed born to wear beautiful clothes and when she agrees to stop she meets her death. On the contrary, Tony was born to live in solitude, to lose and to make other people to be happy. In his life, both in the short story and the film, his loneliness is the most emphasized phenomenon. He has no close parent or relative, his peers discriminate him since they doubt his origin, and his college colleagues do not like his drawings. As the author writes, â€Å"he found it natural to be alone† (Murakami 2002). Although his wife spends a lot of his money on clothing, he does not object. He later puts a smile on another woman’s face when he attempts to hire her to replace his dead wife (Seats 2006). Later Tony sold his wife’s clothes and his father’s records at a throw away price. Tony’s purpose in life was to suffer and relieve the sufferings of other people. Tony loses his wife, attempts to replace her with a secretary, but then loses the secretary again. He then sells his wife’s apparels and shows at a throw away price. Tony then loses his father, and later sells his records, the only memory of his father again at a throw away price. In the end, Tony loses everything apart from his loneliness, showing that he was born to lose and to be lonely (Seats 2006). Murakami uses the name Tony to signify Japan’s attempts to succeed in materialistic world, an ideology that contributed to defeat in war. This ideology undermined commitment of Japanese people to families, a characteristic found with Tony’s father. Tony’s father did not participate in the war, he instead fled to China, and this separates him from imperialism in Japan. He was imprisoned in China and as other captives were executed, he was spared from death. This has been used by the a uthor to highlight his solitude as a captive. After he is released, he moves back to Japan. Although he makes a family, he is incessantly on the move probably to counter his haunting experience in prison (Rubin 2003). Ichikawa has employed the technique of impersonality by using an omniscient voice. This voice is often interrupted by the voice of characters in the film, especially that of Tony. This is a clear indication of a disconnection existing among the characters. The visual forms applied by Ichikawa take the expressive rather than decorative form. The audience views the expressive sequence of shots of Shozaburo and Tony lying on the floor in a confined room. This is in his attempt to express the literal world in Murakami’s short story. The audiences often views Tony scratching his feet depicting that he is often uncertain about himself. He scratches his feet to confirm his reality, a state that he is too lost to decipher. The profound distressing loneliness of present day Japanese culture is the main theme of Tony Takitani and which has been captured effectively in film by Ichikawa (Rubin 2003). Ichikawa considered ideological factors in the making of Tony Takitani. This film represents a passage of a particular era in history of Japan and shows growth of ideas with the passage of time. Ideological factors are closely linked to the social attitudes of people. The interaction between people in a film, their idea of social life and reasoning is represented by ideological factors in a narrative film. To understand the ideological factors that contributed in creation of Toni Takitani, we first need to understand this film as a social history. Most importantly is their ability to give a figure of the way daily life unfolded for all the characters. These include how the characters worked, how they had fun, how they formed families or how they fall apart. This will give a clear understanding of how the fabric of daily life was made or changed. This will give an understanding of the ideas applied by the people in their daily life, and hence the ideological factors (Cassegard 2007). Ideological factors can also be manifested in form of record of time in this film. Ichikawa has conserved gestures, rhythms, gaits, attitudes, and people’s interactions in different situations. In Tony Takitani, an audience can glimpse images of simple actions. For instance, we can view how Tony scratched his feet to confirm his reality. The audience can witness the way Tony’s wife died and the events that lead to her death (Cassegard 2007). Tony Takitani has been used by Ichikawa as a form of historical evidence that combines technological, cultural artistic and economic situation of Japan after the Second World War. Like other forms of representational art, this film makes vivid events. In this way, the movie portrays the social attitudes of the characters in the film, including the unconscious assumptions of Japanese societies. In the fi lm, Ichikawa uses lighting to show the emotional response of characters. He uses lens flare to invoke a sense of drama in the movie (Brown 2007). This is evident just before Tony’s wife is involved in an accident that ends her life. It has also been applied to give an expression of a real life scene. For instance, Rie running over a crest of a hill looks more of a real life photograph. The director has used sound as background music, sounds of objects in the story and voices of characters, all which are heard both by the audience and the characters in the film (Weis 1985). Another important aspect of sound employed by Ichikawa is the narrator’s commentary and mood music to create the solitude mood and the melancholy atmosphere of the film (Mamer 2002). References Brown, B 2007, Motion Picture and Video Lighting, Second Edition. Waltham, MA: Focal Press. Cassegard, C 2007, Shock and naturalization in contemporary Japanese literature Folkestone: Global Oriental. Ichikawa , J (Director) 2004, Tony Takitani [Motion Picture]. Mamer, B 2002, Film Production Technique: Creating the Accomplished Image. Beverly, MA: Wadsworth Publishing. Murakami, H 2002, April 15, Tony Takitani: A Short story by Haruki Murakami. New Yorker Magazine , pp. 1-13. Rubin, J 2003, Haruki Murakami and the music of words. London: Harvill Press. Seats, M 2006, Murakami Haruki: the simulacrum in contemporary Japanese culture. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books. Weis, E 1985, Film Sound: Theory and Practice. Columbia : Columbia University Press. This essay on Tony Takitani was written and submitted by user Ayaan Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.